Why is this a symbiotic relationship

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Why is this a symbiotic relationship?
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Bacteria

• Cell type Prokaryotes
• Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
• Identifying bacteria
• Shape
• Arrangement
• Colony characteristics
• Cell wall
• Movement

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Arrangement

• Strepto - Chain
• Staphlo - Cluster
• Diplo - Pair (two cells)

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Coccus arrangements
http//student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/
unit1/shape/dkstaph.html
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Bacillus arrangements
http//student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/
unit1/shape/dkstaph.html
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Spirilla arrangements
http//student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/
unit1/shape/dkstaph.html
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Bacteria movement

• Flagella
• Lash, snake, or spiral forward
• Slowly glide along a layer of slime like material
  they secrete
• No movement at all

http//www.aenvirocure.com/DB_DATA/contams/organic
/images/bacteria_pili.jpg
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http//www2.bc.cc.ca.us/bio16/Lab20Manual/Lab20W
Eb20Exercises/lab_exercise6.htm
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ENERGY!!!!!!!!

• Autotroph
• autos self, trophe nutrition (Greek)
• Heterotroph
• heterone (an)other, trophe nutrition
• (Greek)

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Photoautotrophs

• Found where light is plentiful
• Carry out photosynthesis
• Cyanobacteria
• (found all over - including in
• hot springs and the Arctic one
• of the first species to recolonize
• areas after a natural disaster)

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanobacteria
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Chemoautotrophs

• Obtain energy directly
• from inorganic molecules
• Chemical reactions involving ammonia, hydrogen
  sulfide, nitrates, sulfur, and iron

Hydrothermal Vent
http//www.daviddarling.info/images/hydrothermal_v
ent.jpg
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Heterotrophs

• Most prokaryotes
• Obtain energy from taking in organic molecules
  (like HUMANS do)
• Photoheterotrophs! - capture sunlight for energy
  AND rely on organic compounds for nutrition

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Once you eat, you Grow!

• Favorable conditions
• Bacteria dividing every 20 minutes would reach a
  mass 4000 times the mass of the Earth in 48
  hours!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
• Limiting factors prevent this
• -Food
• -Space
• -Waste products

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Bacteria in a mouth after a visit to the dentist
(8 hours)
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Binary fission

• Asexual reproduction of bacteria
• Cell doubles in size, then DNA replicates, and
  the cell divides in half - producing two
  identical daughter cells

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Exponential growth. But why arent we drowning in
bacteria?
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• A - LAG PHASE Growth is slow at first, while the
  "bugs" acclimate to the food and nutrients in
  their new habitat.
• B - LOG PHASE Once the metabolic machinery is
  running, they start multiplying exponentially,
  doubling in number every few minutes.
• C - STATIONARY PHASE As more and more bugs are
  competing for dwindling food and nutrients,
  booming growth stops and the number of bacteria
  stabilizes.
• D - DEATH PHASE Toxic waste products build up,
  food is depleted and the bugs begin to die.

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Conjugation

• Transfer of genetic information by cell-to-cell
  contact

Sex pilus
http//trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week7/20f/
Slide4.gif
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Transduction

• Transfer of genetic information from one
  bacterium to another by a bacterial virus
  (virulent bacteriophage)

http//pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mayer/trans-2.jpg
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A brief film

• Please write down a sentence explaining the
  following terms in your own words.
• Conjugation
• Transduction
• Transformation

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Homeworkdue this Friday

• Research a particular type of
• bacteria and draw a picture of it.
• Include
• Drawing, including labels of general parts and
  specific characteristics of that bacteria
• Information on arrangement, colony, and shape
  characteristics
• Metabolism (energy obtaining) information
• Special features where found, interesting role
  in environment, etc.