??, ??,????? --????????????? Web, Logics, and Knowledge-based Society --On the Logical Foundation of the Semantic Web and its Applications - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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??, ??,????? --????????????? Web, Logics, and Knowledge-based Society --On the Logical Foundation of the Semantic Web and its Applications

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Title: ??, ??,????? --????????????? Web, Logics, and Knowledge-based Society --On the Logical Foundation of the Semantic Web and its Applications


1
??, ??,?????--?????????????Web, Logics, and
Knowledge-based Society--On the Logical
Foundation of the Semantic Web and its
Applications
  • ???
  • Zhisheng Huang
  • ?????????????????
  • Vrije University Amsterdam
  • huang_at_cs.vu.nl

2
Outline
  • ??,???????
  • ???????
  • ????????
  • ????????????
  • ??

3
??,???????
  • ?????????????????????????????

4
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5
??,???????
  • ????????????????
  • ????, ?????????
  • ???????????

6
?????Logics and Sciences
  • ??????????????????,?????????????????????
  • ????????????????????,?????????????
  • ??????????????????,?????????????????

7
????????????Avoiding a Pervasive
Misunderstanding on Logics
  • ??????????????(normative)??,?????????(descriptive)
    ??, ????,??????????????????????,??????????????????
    ??

8
???????????
  • ????(1632-1677)(?)???
  • ???(1596-1650)(?)???????
  • ??(1643-1727)(?)????
  • ?? (1872-1970)(?)?????????
  • ????(1881-1966)(?)??????

9
??????????
  • (??????)???????????,??????????
  • (??????)?????????,?????
  • (??????)??????????????,????????????
  • (??????)?????????,????????
  • (??????)????????????,???????

10
??????????????
11
???????
  • ?????,????????,?????????
  • ????,???????????????????
  • ???????????????????????????!?????????,????????????
    ???????

12
???????
  • ????????,???????????????,???????????????????
  • ??????,???????????????????,??????????????,????????
    ????!
  • ??????????!??????????,??????
  • ????,????!

13
?????
  • Thank i,j? ?doj(a) ? ? doj(-a) ? ?done(j,a)
    ?(Ui(?)gt Ui(?)) ? (Uj (?)gt Uj(?)).
  • ??????????????? ???????????????????(utili
    ty)??????????

14
?????
  • Thank i,j? ?doj(a) ? ? doj(-a) ? ? done(j,a)
    ?(Ui(?)gt Ui(?))
  • ??????????????? ????????????????????

15
?????
  • Thank i,j? ?doj(a) ? ? doj(-a) ? ? done(j,a)
    ??Ojdone(j,a) ? (Ui(?)gt Ui(?)) ? (Uj (?)gt Uj (?))
  • ??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????
    ????????

16
?????
  • Thank i,j? ?Kidoj(a) ? ? Kjdoj(-a) ? ?
    done(j,a) ? Ki(Ui(?)gt Ui(?)) ? Ki(Uj(?)gt Uj(?))
  • ??????????????? ??????????????????????

17
??
  • ???????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????
  • Gratitude i,j? ?doi(a) ? ? doi(-a) ? ?
    done(j,a) ? (U i(?)-U i(?))gtGi? (Uj(?)-Uj(?))
    gtGj).

18
?????I
  • ???????????????
  • ???????????????????????????????
  • Gratitude i,j? ?doi(a) ? ? doi(-a) ? ?
    done(j,a) ? (Uj(?)gtUj(?))? (Uj(?)-Uj(?)) gtGj).

19
?????II
  • ???????????????
  • ??????????????????????
  • Gratitude i,j? ?doj(a) ? ? doj(-a) ? ?
    done(j,a) ? (Ui(?)-Ui(?)) gtGi.

20
???????
  • Thank i,j? ?doj(a) ? ? doj(-a) ? ? done(j,a)
    ??Ojdone(j,a) ? (Ui(?)gt Ui(?)) ? (Ui(?)gt Ui(?))
  • ???? ?? ??????????
  • 1) (???????)?????????
  • 2)(???????)??????????????
  • 3)(???????)??????????

21
?????????
  • ??????????
  • ?Thank i,j? ?? (doj(a) ? ? doj(-a) ? ?
    done(j,a)) V Ojdone(j,a) V? ( (Ui(?)gt Ui(?)) ?
    (Ui(?)gt Ui(?)) )
  • ??? ?? ??????????
  • 1) (???????)??????????
  • ?? 2)(???????)?????????????????
  • ?? 3)(?????)????????

22
?????
  • ???????????????,????????????????????
  • ?????????????,??????????,???????????
  • ???????????????????????
  • ??????????,????????????????????????

23
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24
?????
  • Thank i,j? ?Kidoj(a) ? ? Kjdoj(-a) ? ?
    done(j,a) ??Ojdone(j,a) ?(Ui(?)gt Ui(?)) ? (Ui(?)gt
    Ui(?))
  • Ki ????????(Logic of knowledge and belief)
  • doj(a) ????(Dynamic Logic)
  • Ui(?)gt Ui(?) ????(Preference Logic)
  • ?Oj done(j,a)????(Deontic Logic)
  • ????(Propositional Logic)
  • ??????(First Order Predicate Logic)

25
??????
  • ?????????????
  • ??????????????????
  • ?????????????????????

26
??????????
  • ?????????,?????????
  • ?????????????????? ??????
  • ????????????????
  • ????????????????????????
  • ????????????????????????????????????
  • ????

27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
?????????
  • ?????????????2009?6?17???,????????????????????????
    ???????????????,????????????????????????????,????
    ???????

30
???????????
  • Disjoint(???, ????)
  • ??????????(??)????
  • Disjoint(????????, ?????????)
  • ????????????????????(??)????
  • ?X????gt?X??
  • ??X??????????X??

31
???????????(?)
  • ? ???
  • ???????
  • ???????
  • ??????????
  • ???????????
  • Disjoint(????, ??????)
  • ????????,???????????

32
??? ?????WWW Its impacts and visions
33
??1.0 Web1.0
34
??2.0 Web2.0
35
???3.0???Expectations on Web3.0
??????Web3.0?????
  • ???(Novelty) ???????Web1.0?Web2.0???,????????????
    ???(??????Web1.0?Web2.0)
  • ???(Achievability)??????????,??????????,
    ??????????????(??????Web4.0???)?
  • ???(Urgency)?????????????????,???????????????
    ????(???????Web3.0)

36
??3.0?????Varieties of Web 3.0
  • ???????????????????????,??????????????????????????
    ??????????????,??????????????Web,???????????????
    ????????
  • ??????, ????????,???Web3.0?
  • Web3.0????????????. ?????????????????,???????????
    ???????????,?????????,?????????????????
  • Web3.0??????????????? , ??????????????? ?

37
??3.0 Web3.0
38
??1.0 ??2.0 ??3.0Web1.0 Web2.0 Web3.0
  • ??1.0 ???
  • Web1.0 Web of documents
  • ??2.0 ??/???
  • Web2.0 Web of persons
  • ??3.0 ???
  • Web3.0 Web of data (semantics)

39
???????
40
??????????????Advantages of Linked Data
41
?????????
  • ????????????,?????????,????????????
  • ?????????????????,????????????????
  • ?????????????,???????????
  • ???????????Google???????????,???????????????,?????
    ,?????????????????????,???????????????????????

42
???????????
  • ???(Triple)?? ltsubject, predicate, objectgt
  • ??ltzhishengHuang, isStaffof, VrijeUnivAmgt
  • ???????????
  • ??lthttp//wasp.cs.vu.nl/huang, isStaffof,
    http//www.vu.nlgt
  • ?????????
  • ????????????
  • ???????????

43
????????????
  • ???ZhishengHuang???????????????????,????ZhishengH
    uang?????????
  • ltZhishengHuang, isStaffof, VrijeUnivAmgt
  • ltVrijeUniv, inCity,Amsterdamgt,
  • lt?x, isStaffof, ?ygt,lt?y,inCity,?zgt
    -gtlt?x,worksin,?zgt
  • ltZhishengHuang, worksin, Amsterdamgt

44
??????Semantic Web and Ontologies
45
??????Resource Description Framework(RDF)
  • Metadata is machine understandable information
    about web resources or anything that has an URI,
    it is represented as a set of independent
    assertions

ltrdfDescription about"http//wasp.cs.vu.nl/sekt/
dig/dig.pdf"gt ltdcCreator
rdfressource"http//www.cs.vu.nl/huang"/gt
ltdcCreator rdfressource"mailtoctv_at_cs.vu.n
l"/gt lt/rdfDescriptiongt
46
????????RDF Schema (RDFS)
  • RDFS defines vocabulary for RDF
  • Organizes this vocabulary in a typed hierarchy
  • Class, subClassOf, type
  • Property, subPropertyOf
  • domain, range

47
RDFS
Prof. Qu
Hu,W
48
???????Key features of an Ontology
  • ?????Concept hierarchy,
  • ??????concept subsumption
  • ??????? InstanceOf Relation (Instances)
  • ??????? PartOf Relation (property)

49
???? Description Logic
Knowledge Base
Tbox (schema)
Man Human u Male Happy-Father Man u 9
has-child Female u
Interface
Inference System
Abox (data)
John Happy-Father hJohn, Maryi has-child
50
Basic Description Logic AL
  • Concept Expressions
  • A (atomic concept)
  • ? (universal concept)
  • ? (bottom concept)
  • ? A (atomic negation)
  • C ? D (intersection)
  • ?R.C (value restriction)
  • ?R.T (limited existential quantification)
  • where A is a concept name, C and D are concept
    expressions, and R is a role expression

51
Family of AL language
  • C ? D (Union)
  • ?R.C (Full Existential Quantification)
  • ? C (Complement)
  • Number restriction
  • (? n R) (at least restriction)
  • (? n R) (at most restriction)
  • Qualified number restriction
  • (? n R.C) (at least restriction)
  • (? n R.C) (at most restriction)
  • Transitive Role R
  • Inverse of Role I
  • Role Hierarchies R ?S H

52
Examples
  • woman person ? female
  • man person ? ?woman
  • mother woman ? ?hasChild.person
  • father man ? ?hasChild.person

53
Example
  • whitehorse horse ? white.
  • color(white).
  • whitehorse horse ? ?hasColor. white.
  • ??white?????(nominal)
  • whitehorse horse ? ?hasColor. white ? ?
    hasColor. white.

54
Description Logics
  • Decidable Subset of First-Order Logic
  • Equivalent to 3 Variable Fragment (Borgida 1996)
  • Model theoretic semantics by mapping to abstract
    domain
  • Provides Primitives for defining Conceptual
    Knowledge
  • Concept Expressions (Formulas with 1 free
    variable) for describing Sets of Objects
  • Boolean Operators C?? D, C ? D, ?C
  • Quantifiers (?R.C), (?P.C)
  • Cardinality Constraints ( n R), (gt n R), (lt n
    R), (? n R), (? n R)
  • Axioms define relations between concepts
  • Subsumption C ? D
  • Equivalence C ? D
  • Disjointness C ?? D ? ?

55
DL Semantics
  • Interpretation function extends to concept
    expressions in an obvious(ish) way, i.e.

56
??????Web Ontology Language (OWL)
  • OWL is built on top of RDF
  • OWL is for processing information on the web
  • OWL was designed to be interpreted by computers
  • OWL was not designed for being read by people
  • OWL is written in XML
  • OWL is a web standard

57
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58
????????????? Why the Semantic Web?
  • ????????????
  • ?????????????????,???????????
  • ?????????????????????????(????Triple/Tuple??)
  • ???????????(????RDF/RDFS????????)
  • ?????????????(????OWL?????????)
  • (??RDF/RDFS/OWL???Triple????)

59
????
????????????Gartner?2007?????,
?2012?,70?????????????????,20??????????????? Ga
rtner (May 2007) "By 2012, 70 of public Web
pages will have some level of semantic markup,
20 will use more extensive Semantic Web-based
ontologies
60
??????????Ontologies and Metadata Billion
Triples dataset(????????)
  • ????
  • ??????
  • ?????
  • ??open??
  • SemWebBase
  • (DERI)
  • ????
  • ????
  • ???
  • ??????
  • Freebase
  • ??????

61
Linked Data 2009
62
????????????http//sindice.com/apiv2/search?q22
zhisheng20huang22formatatompage1qtterm
63
????????????http//sindice.com/apiv2/search?q22
zhisheng20huang22formatatompage5qtterm
64
????????????
65
Key Issues of Web3.0
  • ??,?????
  • data, knowledge,and semantics
  • ?????, ?????,?????
  • Semantic relevance, semantic similarity, and
    semantic distance
  • ???????
  • Knowledge representation and reasoning
  • ????????Scalability
  • ???? Approximate reasoning

66
??????????DBpedia Mobile
  • http//beckr.org/DBpediaMobile/?locationBeijing
  • http//beckr.org/DBpediaMobile

67
???????HealthFinland Health Information on the
Semantic Web
  • http//www.seco.tkk.fi/applications/tervesuomi/
  • provide a new kind of solution approach to these
    problems on a national Finnish level. The system
    consists of three main components
  • Metadata, ontology, and service infrastructure.
  • Semantic content creation process. A content
    creation and harvesting system has been
    implemented for producing semantically annotated
    contents, based on the shared metadata model and
    ontologies.
  • Semantic portal HealthFinland (TerveSuomi) and
    its services. The material is published via a
    semantic portal that creates a single national
    entry-point for health information, health
    promotion and health-related news.

68
National Semantic Web Ontology Project in Finland
(FinnONTO),
  • National Semantic Web Ontology Project in Finland
    (FinnONTO), 2003-2007
  • A large national continuation project of
    FinnONTO, called Semantic Web 2.0 (FinnONTO 2.0),
    started in the beginning of 2008.
  • The research is directed and is mostly carried
    our by the Semantic Computing Research Group
    (SeCo) at the Helsinki University of Technology
    (TKK) and the University of Helsinki. Also the
    University of Tampere is contributing to the
    work.
  • The consortium behind the project included 37
    public organizations and companies funding the
    research during the final year 2007. This
    consortium represents a wide area of functions of
    the society including museums, libraries,
    business, health organizations, government,
    media, and education. Public organizations,
    companies, and universities are participating in
    the project.

69
http//www.ontology-advisory.org/
70
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72
??????????????2006?????
Reality SP Reality - VVD
Balkenende Bos Balkenende Bos - Ideal
VVD VVD VVD Verdonk
73
Relational Content Analysis
74
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75
???????
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????
78
?????
  • ??????(Hybrid Logic)?????????? Internal
    Disagrement?
  • ?????
  • http//www.cs.vu.nl/wva/pub/HL.pdf

79
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