70290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment, Enhanced Chapter 7: Advan - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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70290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment, Enhanced Chapter 7: Advan

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7. System. Originally designed to identify O.S. in MS-DOS. In ... Activity 7-1: Viewing and Configuring File and Folder Attributes Using Windows Explorer ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: 70290: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment, Enhanced Chapter 7: Advan


1
70-290 MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft
Windows Server 2003 Environment,
EnhancedChapter 7Advanced File System
Management
2
Objectives
  • Understand and configure file and folder
    attributes
  • Understand and configure advanced file and folder
    attributes
  • Implement and manage disk quotas
  • Understand and implement the Distributed File
    System

3
File and Folder Attributes
  • Used since MS-DOS operating system
  • Attributes describe files, folders, and their
    characteristics
  • Applicable utilities include graphical tools and
    the ATTRIB command
  • Four standard file and folder attributes
  • Read-only
  • Archive
  • System
  • hidden

4
Read-only
  • Designates that the contents of a file cannot be
    changed and file cannot be deleted
  • Available in all file systems (FAT, FAT32, NTFS
    partitions and volumes)
  • FAT, FAT32 attributes can be changed by any user
  • NTFS attribute can only be changed by a user with
    appropriate permissions
  • Can be configured for a file or folder
  • For folders, attribute pertains to the files it
    contains, not the folder itself

5
Read-only (continued)
6
Archive
  • Marks which files and folders have been recently
    changed or created
  • Recently modified files are marked as ready for
    archiving
  • Important for backup
  • Backup methods update the status of the archive
    attribute
  • Viewing the attribute is done using Windows
    Explorer or command-line utilities (e.g., DIR,
    ATTRIB)

7
System
  • Originally designed to identify O.S. in MS-DOS
  • In Windows Server 2003
  • Used in conjunction with hidden attribute
  • When system and hidden both true, file or folder
    is super hidden (not displayed in Windows
    Explorer interface)
  • Treated as protected operating system files
    with specific alternate display options
  • Can only be manipulated using ATTRIB command

8
Hidden
  • Used to make files and folders less visible to
    users from Windows Explorer and command-line
  • Default configuration in Windows Server 2003
    displays hidden files as semi-transparent icons
    unless in conjunction with system attribute
  • Hidden attribute can be configured from General
    tab of Properties

9
Hidden (continued)
  • Visibility can be configured from View tab of
    Folder Options from Tools in Windows Explorer
  • Show hidden file and folders
  • Hidden files and folders appear in Windows
    Explorer as semi-transparent icons
  • Do not show hidden files and folders
  • Files with set hidden attributes do not appear in
    Windows Explorer
  • Hide protected operating system files
  • All files with both hidden and system attributes
    set are hidden in Windows Explorer when set

10
Hidden (continued)
11
Activity 7-1 Viewing and Configuring File and
Folder Attributes Using Windows Explorer
  • Objective Use Windows Explorer to view and
    configure file and folder attributes
  • Use Windows Explorer to view sets of files and
    folders that are visible by default
  • Reconfigure View settings
  • Observe results of configurations

12
The ATTRIB Command
  • A command-line utility used to view, add or
    remove the four attributes of files and folders
  • Only way to configure system attribute
  • Supports wildcards () allowing multiple files or
    folders to be changed simultaneously
  • Syntax
  • View attrib filename
  • Set attrib attribute filename
  • Remove attrib attribute filename

13
Activity 7-2 Changing File Attributes Using the
ATTRIB Command
  • Objective View and change file attributes from
    the command line
  • Create a new folder and files
  • Observe attributes
  • Change attributes using ATTRIB
  • Observe changes
  • Hide protected files
  • Observe changes

14
Advanced Attributes
  • Advanced attributes found on NTFS partitions or
    volumes
  • Archive and Index attributes
  • File is ready for archiving
  • Indexing service
  • Compress or Encrypt
  • Compress contents to save disk space
  • Encrypt contents to secure data

15
Advanced Attributes (continued)
16
File Compression
  • Reduces amount of disk space needed for files and
    folders
  • Automatically uncompressed when the resource is
    accessed
  • Compressed resources displayed in different color
    in Windows Explorer (blue by default)
  • Moving and copying resources can affect
    compression

17
Activity 7-3 Configuring Folder Compression
Settings
  • Objective Configure a folder to compress its
    contents
  • Create a folder, copy a file into it
  • Set the compression attribute on the folder to
    compress itself and its contents
  • Note the appearance of the folder and verify
    compression of contents

18
Activity 7-3 (continued)
19
COMPACT
  • Used with NTFS file system only
  • Command-line utility for configuring the
    compression attribute
  • Syntax
  • COMPACT (to
    view)
  • COMPACT switches resourcename (to set
    attributes)
  • Switches
  • /c (to compress resources)
  • /u (to uncompress resources)

20
File Encryption
  • Encrypting File System (EFS) uses public key
    cryptography to encrypt files and folders
  • Only on NTFS file systems
  • Transparent to user
  • Implemented using 2 main types of keys
  • File encryption key (FEK)
  • Session key added to header of encrypted data
    (data decryption field)
  • Public key encrypts DDF

21
File Encryption (continued)
  • Main challenge for public key cryptography is
    when users leave organization
  • Can rename user account
  • Can use data recovery agent
  • FEK also stored in data recovery field (DRF)
  • Encrypted using data recovery agents public key
  • Default is administrator, additional recovery
    agents can be designated
  • Moving or copying files can affect encryption
  • Encrypted files cannot be compressed, vice versa

22
Activity 7-4 Encrypting Files Using Windows
Explorer
  • Objective Implement and test file encryption
    security using EFS
  • Configure encryption on a folder and create a
    file in the folder
  • Try to open the folder and file from another user
    account and observe results
  • Try to open the folder and file from a domain
    administrator account and observe results

23
Sharing Encrypted Files
  • In Windows 2000, only user and data recovery
    agent could access an encrypted file
  • In Windows Server 2003, Advanced Attributes
    allows sharing with other specific named users
  • Issues
  • Only for files, not folders
  • Can only share with users, not groups
  • Users must have a certificate on computer
  • Users must have appropriate NTFS permissions

24
Sharing Encrypted Files (continued)
25
The CIPHER Command
  • Command-line utility for file and folder
    encryption
  • Used by administrator
  • NTFS partitions and volumes only
  • Syntax
  • CIPHER (to
    view)
  • CIPHER switches resourcename (to set attributes)

26
The CIPHER Command (continued)
27
The CIPHER Command (continued)
  • Switches
  • /e (to encrypt a folder)
  • /d (to decrypt a folder)
  • /a (to apply other switches to a file rather than
    a folder)
  • Cannot encrypt files which have their read-only
    attribute set
  • Can use the wildcard character ()

28
Activity 7-5 Encrypting Files Using the CIPHER
Utility
  • Objective To encrypt and decrypt files using
    CIPHER
  • Create a new folder and files
  • Encrypt a single file and observe the results
  • Encrypt files using the wildcard character and
    observe results

29
Disk Quotas
  • Disk quotas used to monitor and control user disk
    space
  • Advantages
  • Prevents users from consuming all disk space
  • Encourages users to delete old files
  • Allows monitoring for planning purposes
  • Allows monitoring of individual users
  • Disabled by default
  • Implemented only on NTFS volumes
  • Configured from Properties of a volume

30
Disk Quotas (continued)
31
Disk Quotas (continued)
32
Disk Quotas (continued)
33
Activity 7-6 Configuring and Managing Disk Quotas
  • Objective Enable and manage disk quota settings
  • Enable quota management
  • Configure soft disk quota settings
  • Observe results
  • Set up a warning situation and observe results

34
Managing Disk Quotas from the Command Line
  • FSUTIL QUOTA command-line utility can be used to
    manage disk quotas
  • Can enable/disable, modify, display, track,
    report
  • Example (to enable disk quotas on drive E)
  • fsutil quota enforce e
  • Events written to System log (displayed in Event
    Viewer) every hour by default
  • fsutil behavior command can change the interval
  • Help available for fsutil quota and fsutil
    behavior commands in Help and Support Center

35
Managing Disk Quotas from the Command Line
(continued)
36
Distributed File System
  • Makes it appear that multiple shared-file
    resources are stored in a single hierarchical
    structure
  • Users do not have to know which server a shared
    folder resides on
  • Configured using the Distributed File System
    console in Administrative Tools menu
  • Tree structure (root and DFS links)

37
Distributed File System (continued)
38
DFS Models
  • Two models
  • Standalone DFS model (more limited capabilities)
  • Domain-based DFS model

39
DFS Models (continued)
  • Hierarchical structure is called DFS topology or
    logical structure, three elements to structure
  • The DFS root
  • Main container on host server
  • The DFS links
  • Pointers to physical location of shared folders
  • Servers on which the DFS shared folders are
    replicated as replica sets
  • Replica set is set of shared folders that is
    replicated across multiple servers

40
Activity 7-7 Implementing Domain-Based DFS and
Creating Links
  • Objective to create a new domain-based DFS root
    and add DFS links
  • Use New Root Wizard from Distributed File System
    utility to set up a root
  • Add links to other folders
  • Verify DFS structure

41
Managing DFS
  • Tasks involved in managing DFS system
  • Deleting a DFS root
  • Removing a DFS link
  • Adding root and link replica sets
  • Checking the status of a root or link
  • Replication capability provides fault tolerance
    and load balancing
  • DFS replication options and topologies managed
    from Configure Replication wizard

42
Managing DFS (continued)
  • DFS element status is indicated with colored icons

43
Summary
  • File and folder attributes are
  • Read-only (can a resource be modified or
    deleted)
  • Archive (has a resource recently been changed)
  • System (does resource have specific display
    requirements, especially in conjunction with
    Hidden)
  • Hidden (should the resource appear normally in
    Windows Explorer)
  • File and folder attributes can be set through
    graphical tools or the ATTRIB command-line utility

44
Summary (continued)
  • Advanced attributes on NTFS partitions or volumes
    include
  • Archiving (specifies whether to back up file)
  • Indexing (makes resource searchable)
  • Compression (saves disk space)
  • Encryption (makes resources accessible only to
    those holding keys)
  • Command-line utilities for advanced attributes
    include
  • COMPACT
  • CIPHER

45
Summary (continued)
  • Disk quotas allow management of disk space usage
    by individual users
  • Managed from the Properties of a volume or using
    the FSUTIL command-line utility
  • Distributed File System allows management of
    shared-file resources
  • Appear as a single hierarchical structure
  • Can be physically located on different servers
  • 2 DFS models standalone and domain-based
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