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Selfperception of memory skills: Cross cultural and age differences

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... a review of patient self-assessment of memory after electroconvulsive therapy. Journal of Electroconvulsive Therapy, 16(2):121-32. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Selfperception of memory skills: Cross cultural and age differences


1
Self-perception of memory skills Cross cultural
and age differences
Leonard L. LaPointe Lorraine A. Book Stacey M.
Brenner Jessica L. Brown Vanessa E. Diaz Sarah A.
Ganas Emily R. Marturana David K. McCoy Jessica
G. Paulk Allison M. Plumb Karen L.
Yuhas Department of Communication
Disorders Florida State University NeuroLinguistic
-NeuroCognitive Research Center Tallahassee, FL
32306-1200
2
Background 1.
  • Metacognition knowledge and cognition about
    cognitive matters Flavell (1971)
  • Metamemory the knowledge, values, attitudes,
    thinking and analysis of human memory
  • Literature suggests
  • Self-perception of memory skills varies across
    clinical populations who have cognitive-linguistic
    impairment
  • Anxiety about self-perceived memory skills

3
Background 2.
  • This study arose from discussions of
    self-perception of memory skills in a graduate
    course on cognitive-linguistic interactions at
    Florida State University
  • Questions raised
  • Does self-perception of memory differ in those
    with mild cognitive impairment?
  • Does self-perception of memory vary across age?
  • Does self-perception of memory skills vary across
    professions, cultures, or degree of intoxication?

4
Purposes
  • To devise and assemble methods for measuring
    self-perception of memory
  • To gather a relatively large data set on
    self-perception of memory and attitudes about
    personal memory skills in participants with no
    history of memory difficulty
  • To determine if differences exist in
    self-perceptions of memory relative to age and
    culture in our sample

5
The Measures
  • Self-perception of memory and attitudes about
    personal memory skills were determined by
  • A Global Rating of self-perceived memory skills
  • Overall rating of your memory
  • (Worst) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (Best)
  • Memory Questions
  • Example How often do you miss appointments?
  • Very Often Quite Often Occasionally Rarely
    Never
  • 3. Semantic Differential (Quantification of
    attitudes from paired associates)
  • Example How would you rate your memory?
  • Weak 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Strong

6
Instructions
  • We are exploring what people think about their
    own memory. Please answer the following questions
    about your own memory or memory skills.
  • Overall Rating we would like you to choose a
    number that characterizes your idea of your
    overall memory or memory skills. Please circle a
    number from 1 (worst) to 10 (best)
  • 2. Memory Questions Circle the appropriate
    answer for each memory question
  • 3. Semantic Differential The Semantic
    Differential is a method researchers have
    developed for exploring attitudes about concepts,
    words, or events. We are very interested in your
    ideas about your own memory. Please think of your
    own memory or your memory skills. How would you
    rate your own memory or memory skills on the
    following scale?
  • Consider each pair of opposite words. Circle the
    number that you feel represents your opinion of
    your own memory or memory skills. Complete all
    items.
  • Thank you.

7
Please circle the number that you think
characterizes your personal overall memory skills
  • Overall Rating of Your Memory
  • (Worst) (Best)
  • 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    10
  • You try it! Pick a number!

8
Memory QuestionsCircle the appropriate number
for each question
  • 1. How often do you forget appointments?
  • Very Often Quite Often Occasionally
    Rarely Never
  • 1 2 3 4 5
  • 2. How often do you want to tell a joke but find
    you cant remember it?
  • Very Often Quite Often Occasionally
    Rarely Never
  • 1 2 3 4 5
  • 3. How often do you forget people's names?
  • Very Often Quite Often Occasionally
    Rarely Never
  • 1 2 3 4
    5
  • 4.When you go shopping, how often do you forget
    items you intended to buy?
  • Very Often Quite Often Occasionally
    Rarely Never
  • 1 2 3 4 5

9
Semantic Differential All Items
  • Not Valuable 1 2 3 4 5
    6 7 Valuable
  • Weak 1 through 7 Strong
  • Fragile 1 through 7
    Resilient
  • Small 1 through 7 Large
  • Bad 1 through 7 Good
  • Confusing 1 through 7 Clear
  • Difficult 1 through 7 Easy
  • Dull 1 through 7 Sharp
  • Slow 1 through 7 Fast
  • Negative 1 through 7 Positive

10
Methods Participants
  • 139 participants were surveyed for this study
  • 116 from United States (Mean age 41 years (SD
    16.1)
  • (81 males and 35 females)
  • 23 from Hong Kong, SAR (Mean age 33 years (SD
    8.6)
  • (8 males and 15 females)

11
Results Descriptive Statistics
  • 1. Overall Rating (10 point scale)
  • Group (US and HK)
  • Mean 6.59 (1.48)
  • US residents
  • Mean 6.95 (1.41)
  • Hong Kong residents
  • Mean 6.22 (1.55)

12
Results Descriptive Statistics
  • 2. Memory Questions (5 point scale 4 questions
    pooled)
  • Group (US and HK)
  • Mean 3.27 (.60)
  • US residents
  • Mean 3.29 (.56)
  • Hong Kong
  • Mean 3.24 (.64)

13
Semantic Differential(7 Point Scale)
  • Group (US and HK)
  • Mean 5.36 (.74)
  • US residents
  • Mean 5.34 (.88)
  • Hong Kong
  • Mean 5.41 (.60)

14
Results Memory Measures
10-Point Scale
4-Point Scale

2. Memory Questions
1. Overall (Global) Self-Rating of Memory
7-Point Scale
Statistically significant difference in Overall
between US and Hong Kong. Other measures did not
reach significance.
3. Semantic Differential
15
Results Overall (Global) Rating of
Self-Perceived Memory Skills(10 point scale)

Statistically significant difference t test for
unequal means (t(137)2.09, p 0.019
16
Age Differences (Or lack of)
No statistically significant differences between
younger and older groups in self-perception of
memory skills on any of our 3 measures
17
Memory Questions Differences in Age and Culture
  • How often do you want to tell a joke and cant
    remember it?
  • Older Group rated their skills significantly
    lower (t(137) 2.11, p.01)
  • How often do you forget appointments? and
  • How often do you forget peoples names?
  • US group reported significantly better skills
    than Hong Kong group (t(137)1l95, p.02)
  • ..Remembering jokes?
  • Hong Kong group reported significantly better
    memory skills than US group (t(137)2.37, p.00)

18
US Group Better at Remembering Appointments and
NamesHong Kong Group better at Remembering Jokes
A priest, a rabbi, and a monk went into a bar
Hi, Fred. Im here on time!
19
Conclusions
  • Some of us have quite low estimates of our own
    memory skills
  • No differences in memory self-perceptions for age
    in this sample
  • US residents rated their overall memory skills
    higher than Hong Kong residents
  • Older group rated themselves lower at remembering
    jokes
  • Hong Kong group rated themselves better at jokes
  • US group rated themselves better at names and
    appointments
  • Research needs to be extended to clinical
    populations (e.g., Parkinson disease, dementia,
    stroke, TBI

20
References
  • Eslinger, P. Dennis, K., Moore, P. Antani, S.,
    Hauck, R. Grossman,
  • M.(2005) Metacognitive deficits in
    frontotemporal dementia. 76(12)1630-5.
  • Flavell, J. H.  (1971).  First discussant's
    comments  What is memory development the
    development of?  Human Development, 14, 272-278.
  • Flavell, J. H.  (1979).  Metacognition and
    cognitive monitoring  A new area of
    cognitive-developmental inquiry.  American
    Psychologist, 34, 906-911.
  • Hannon, R., Adams, P., Harrington, S.,
    Fries-Dias, C., Gipson, M. T. (1995). Effects
    of brain injury and age on prospective memory
    self-rating and performance.  Rehabilitation
    Psychology, 40, 289-298.
  • Prudic, J., Peyser, S., Sackeim, H. (2000).
    Subjective memory complaints a review of patient
    self-assessment of memory after electroconvulsive
    therapy. Journal of Electroconvulsive Therapy,
    16(2)121-32.
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