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BioMass for BioFuels

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Stalks of sweet sorghum contain fermentable sugars in the sap equal to 400-600 ... Sweet sorghum is a good bio-fuel source in economically poor regions where ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: BioMass for BioFuels


1
Bio-Mass for Bio-Fuels
2
Bio-Fuel
  • Bio-Ethanol
  • Bio-Diesel
  • Biomass - Recently living plant matter, in
    particular wheat, corn, soybeans, flax, rapeseed,
    sugar cane, eucalyptus, Jatropha, Sweet Sorghum,
    and palm oil.

Derived from Biomass
3
Bio-diesel
  • Worlds Bio-diesel production 2000 to 2005

4
Bio-fuel Production
5
Bio-Mass
  • Eucalyptus Ethanol
  • Jatropha Bio-Diesel
  • Sweet Sorghum Ethanol
  • Soybean Bio-Diesel

6
Eucalyptus in Australia
  • Western Australia, a eucalyptus tree processing
    plant is being built by Western Power (the
    States electricity company) in partnership with
    private investors.
  • The plant will process eucalyptus biomass into
    eucalyptus oil, charcoal, activated carbon and
    renewable electricity (1MW).
  • Over 7000 hectares of trees planted.

7
Jatropha the Wonder Plant
  • Jatropha is drought-resistant and grows well in
    poor soil.
  • It is easy to establish, grows relatively quickly
    and produces seeds for 50 years.
  • Medically it is used for diseases like cancer,
    snakebites, paralysis, and dropsy.
  • The Jatropha plant produces seeds with an oil
    content of 37 which is used for bio-diesel.

8
Sweet Sorghum
  • Sweet Sorghum is the only crop that provides
    grain and stem that can be used for sugar,
    alcohol, syrup, fodder, fuel, bedding, roofing,
    fencing, paper and chewing.
  • Stalks of sweet sorghum contain fermentable
    sugars in the sap equal to 400-600 gallons of
    ethanol per acre.
  • Sweet sorghum is used to make sorghum syrup
    (molasses).

9
Soybean
  • Half of the U.S. bio-diesel production capacity
    is designed for soybean oil, and half for
    recycled restaurant cooking oil.
  • (B20 20, B100 100)
  • Soybeans are used primarily for protein
    supplements for livestock, and vegetable oil in
    the grocery store, soybeans are also used as high
    protein foods.

10
Food or Fuel?
  • The Swiss-based World Conservation Union (WCU)
    has calculated that the grain required to produce
    sufficient ethanol to fill the tank of a car such
    as a Range Rover would be sufficient to feed one
    person for an entire year.
  • If the tank is refilled every two weeks, the
    grain needed would be enough to feed an entire
    village for the same period.

11
Food or Fuel?
  • "The stage is now set for direct competition for
    grain between the 800 million people who own
    automobiles, and the world's two billion poorest
    people. (WCU)
  • "The people would necessarily lose those who can
    afford to drive are richer than those who are in
    danger of starvation." (WCU)

12
Food or Fuel?
  • Sweet sorghum is a good bio-fuel source in
    economically poor regions where fertile land is
    scarce it is both a food and an energy crop, and
    needs little water and fertilizer.
  • The Jatropha program in India is one of the
    larger international programs to jointly address
    energy needs, poverty alleviation, erosion
    control and deforestation.
  • Processing raw Jatropha oil into bio-diesel only
    exists on a small and pilot scale in India meant
    for rural industries.

13
Land Use for Bio-fuels
  • Farmers, particularly in tropical areas, are
    seeing new opportunities for increasing
    production and raising their incomes.
  • "Sixteen percent of the corn acreage in the
    United States is going to ethanol, and it will
    rise to 35 percent in the near future as
    processing capacity expands," says David
    Zilberman co-director of Berkeley's Center for
    Sustainable Resource Development
  • Deforestation of the Amazon for bio-fuel land.

14
Effects on the Environment
  • Bio-Fuels produce less carbon dioxide than fossil
    fuels.
  • Bio-diesel substantially reduces unburned
    hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and particulate
    matter in exhaust fumes.
  • Sulfur emissions are eliminated.
  • The overall ozone (smog) forming potential of
    bio-diesel is almost 50 less than diesel fuel.

15
Effects on the Environment
  • Deforestation also diminishes carbon sinks,
    reducing the Earth's capacity to absorb and
    re-process atmospheric carbon dioxide.
  • Soybeans used to make bio-diesel contain soya
    monoculture. Responsible for destruction to the
    Amazon.

16
Political
  • European Union called for bio-fuels to meet 5.75
    percent of European transportation needs by 2010.
  • In the UK the government is hoping that 33
    percent of total national fuel use will be met by
    bio-fuels by the year 2050.

17
Political
  • Bush declared I'm very optimistic that America
    can benefit from alternative energy sources.
  • In other words, we have a mandated fuel standard
    of 35 billion gallons of alternative fuels to be
    used by 2017.

George Bush and Pres. Lula of Brazil
18
Political
  • Paul Wolfowitz president of World Bank said
    "Today, we are faced with compelling evidence
    that our consumption of fossil fuels is seriously
    hurting the environment and the longer we delay
    action, the more costly it will be to try to
    correct it. Business as usual is not an option."
  • The US has a 0.54 import tariff on ethanol from
    Brazil.

19
Bio-mass Policy
  • Use biomass that can be used for food and fuel.
  • Give tax breaks to businesses who produce biomass
    for bio-fuel to replace fossil fuels.
  • Encourage technical innovation to reduce bio-fuel
    prices.
  • Create international standards for biomass
    production.
  • Teach the people how to plant and harvest
    biomass.
  • Create markets for biomass to be sold.

20
Bio-diesel in Oregon
  • Where to buy bio-diesel in Oregon
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