Dr. William Allan Kritsonis - Education

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Introduction to Teaching

• William Allan Kritsonis, PhD

Please silence all phones and pagers.
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Field Experience

• How did it go?

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Articles

• Article 10 points
• Format 10 points
• Introduction 20 points
• Body 30 points
• Conclusion 20 points
• Grammar 10 points

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Articles

• This report was very eye-opening.
• This surprised me because
• I support this article and agree on
• Even though I feel the study was unfair, I can
  still understand

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Philosophy a study of theories of knowledge,
truth, existence, and goodTheory a set of
related principles that are based on observation
and are used to explain additional
observationsPhilosophy of education provides a
framework for thinking about educational issues,
and it guides professional practice
How do I get one???
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Teachers acquire a philosophical framework to
guide their practice by becoming knowledgeable
and reflective, which allows them to make
professional decisions that promote as much
growth in their students as possible.
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Traditional Schools of Philosophy

• 4 cohesive philosophies on which most educational
  decisions are based
• Idealism
• Realism
• Pragmatism
• Existentialism

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IdealismPlato, Greek Philosopher

• A traditional philosophy asserting that, because
  the physical world is constantly changing, ideas
  are the only reliable form of reality

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Idealism and Teaching

• Socratic method questioning
• Believe that teaching and learning should focus
  on ideas. Teachers provide guidance by helping
  students become more precise and logical thinkers
  
• Criticized for being cold because it emphasizes
  the rational and logical over other dimensions of
  the human experience.

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RealismAristotle, Greek Philosopher

• Holds that the features of the universe exist
  whether or not a human being is there to perceive
  them
• There are important ideas and facts that must be
  understood and they can only be understood by
  studying the material world

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Realism and Teaching

• Curriculum emphasizes essentials like math,
  science, reading, and writing
• Teachers emphasize observation, experimentation,
  and critical reasoning
• De-emphasize feelings and other personal factors
• Criticized for failing to take the whole person
  into account in the learning process

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PragmatismJohn Dewey, American Philosopher

• A traditional philosophy that rejects the idea of
  absolute, unchanging truth, instead asserting
  that truth is what works

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Pragmatism and Teaching

• Experience and problem solving are key ideas
• More hands-on, concrete experiences than lecture
• Interdisciplinary problem solving
• Criticized for emphasizing student interests too
  strongly at the expense of essential knowledge

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ExistentialismSartre, French Philosopher

• A traditional philosophy suggesting that humanity
  isnt part of an orderly universe rather,
  individuals create their own realities in their
  own unique way
• View humanity as meaningless on a small, isolated
  planet in an uncertain universe where nothing is
  determined

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Existentialism and Teaching

• Places primary emphasis on the individual. We
  teach a child, not math.
• Education is an individuals search for personal
  understanding, not something to be tested on
• Learner-centered and nondirective approach
• Criticized for impossibility of total freedom in
  a society with rules

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Schools of Philosophy

• Idealism A traditional philosophy asserting
  that, because the physical world is constantly
  changing, ideas are the only reliable form of
  reality
• Realism Holds that the features of the universe
  exist whether or not a human being is there to
  perceive them
• Pragmatism A traditional philosophy that rejects
  the idea of absolute, unchanging truth, instead
  asserting that truth is what works
• Existentialism A traditional philosophy
  suggesting that humanity isnt part of an orderly
  universe rather, individuals create their own
  realities in their own unique way

Which is closest to your beliefs as a student? A
parent? A teacher? Discuss in your groups.
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Philosophies of Education

• Perennialism
• Essentialism
• Progressivism
• Postmodernism

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Perennialism

• An educational philosophy suggesting that nature,
  including human nature, is constant
• Believe in rigorous intellectual curriculum for
  all students
• The extent to which students find their studies
  relevant isnt crucial
• Criticized for being elitist

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Essentialism

• An educational philosophy suggesting that there
  is a critical core of information that all people
  should possess.
• Back to the basic skills and academic subjects.
  Students should be able to master these subjects
• Criticize interdisciplinary teaching

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Progressivism

• An educational philosophy emphasizing curricula
  that focus on real-world problem solving and
  individual development
• Hands-on, learner-centered, teacher as
  facilitator
• Also criticized for focusing too much on the
  childs personal interest

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Postmodernism

• An educational philosophy that contends that many
  of the institutions in our society, including
  schools, are used by those in power to control
  and marginalize those who lack power
• Study events from the view of the marginalized
  partys perspective

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Which most accurately describes your views of
education, from the perspective of a real
teacher? Comment on your paper.
2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights
Reserved
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Lets watch the DVD segment referred to on page
203.
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Read pages 204-207 and create your own Philosophy
of Education Statement. Be sure to use
philosophy names.It should be typed, double
spaced with standard fonts and margins. Length
is up to you, but less than one page is not
recommended.
Exit There is nothing more to turn in, but you
need to stay until you have a handle on how to
begin your paper.