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Systems Investigation and Analysis

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Title: Systems Investigation and Analysis


1
Systems Investigation and Analysis
  • Chapter 12

2
Chapter 12 Outline
  • An Overview of Systems Development
  • Systems Development Life Cycles
  • Factors Affecting Systems Development Success
  • Systems Investigation
  • Systems Analysis

3
An Overview of Systems Development
4
Participants in Systems Development
5
Initiating Systems Development
6
Information Systems Planning
7
Aligning Corporate and IS Goals
8
Developing a Competitive Advantage
  • Creative analysis
  • Critical analysis
  • Going beyond automating manual systems
  • Question assumptions
  • Identify and resolve conflicting objectives

9
Establishing Objectives for Systems Development
  • Performance objectives
  • Output quality or usefulness
  • Output format quality or usefulness
  • Speed at which output is produced
  • Cost objectives
  • Development costs
  • Fixed investments
  • Ongoing operating costs
  • Uniqueness costs

10
Systems Development and E-Commerce
  • Internet technology - enables companies to extend
    their information systems beyond their boundaries
    to reach their customers, suppliers, and
    partners.
  • Dynamic Core Business Application that runs over
    the Web - must be reliable and fault tolerant,
    providing continuous availability while
    processing all transactions accurately.

11
Trends in Systems Development and ERP
  • ERP vendor as one-stop provider
  • Applications to integrate with ERP systems
  • External consulting

12
Systems Development Life Cycles
13
Factors Affecting Systems Development Success
14
Systems Development Life Cycles
15
The Traditional Systems DevelopmentLife Cycle
16
Advantages and Disadvantages of Traditional SDLC
17
Prototyping
18
Prototyping
19
Advantages and Disadvantages of Prototyping
20
Rapid Application Development (RAD)
21
Reasons for Outsourcing
22
Factors Affecting Systems Development Success
  • Degree of Change
  • Continuous Improvement versus Reengineering
  • Managing change

23
Factors Affecting SystemsDevelopment Success
24
Quality and Standards
25
The Capability Maturity Model (CMM)
26
Project Management
  • Project schedule
  • Project milestone
  • Project deadline
  • Critical path

27
Use of Project Management Tools
28
Use of Project Management Tools
29
Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) Tools
  • Automate many of the tasks required in a systems
    development effort and enforce adherence to the
    SDLC, thus instilling a high degree of rigor and
    standardization to the entire systems development
    process
  • Upper-CASE tools - CASE packages that focus on
    activities associated with the early stages of
    systems development.
  • Lower-CASE tools - focus on the later stages of
    systems development and are capable of
    automatically generating structured program code.
  • Integrated-CASE tools - provide links between
    upper- and lower-CASE packages.

30
CASE Tools
31
Object-Oriented Systems Development
  • Object-oriented systems development typically
    involves
  • Identifying potential problems and opportunities
    within the organization that would be appropriate
    for the OO approach
  • Defining the kind of system users require
  • Designing the system
  • Programming or modifying modules
  • Evaluation by users
  • Periodic review and modification

32
Systems Investigation
33
Systems Investigation
  • In general, systems investigation attempts to
    uncover answers to the following questions
  • What primary problems might a new or enhanced
    system solve?
  • What opportunities might a new or enhanced system
    provide?
  • What new hardware, software, databases,
    telecommunications, personnel, or procedures will
    improve an existing system or are required in a
    new system?
  • What are the potential costs (variable and
    fixed)?
  • What are the associated risks?

34
Participants in Systems Investigation
35
Feasibility Analysis
36
Sample Net Present Value Calculation
37
Object-Oriented Systems Investigation
38
The Systems Investigation Report
39
Systems Analysis
40
Identifying Sources of Data
41
Collecting Data
42
Data Analysis
  • Data modeling
  • Activity modeling
  • Application flowcharts
  • Grid charts
  • CASE tools

43
Data and Activity Modeling
44
Application Flowcharts
45
Grid Charts
46
Requirements Analysis
  • Asking directly
  • Critical success factors (CSFs)
  • The IS plan
  • Screen and report layout

47
The IS Plan
48
Screen and Report Layout
49
Object-Oriented Systems Analysis
50
The Systems Analysis Report
51
Summary
  • Systems development team - of stakeholders,
    users, managers, systems development specialists,
    and various support personnel
  • Five phases of the traditional SDLC -
    investigation, analysis, design, implementation,
    and maintenance and review
  • Systems investigation participants -
    stakeholders, users, managers, employees,
    analysts, and programmers

52
Principles and Learning Objectives
  • Effective systems development requires a team
    effort of stakeholders, users, managers, systems
    development specialists, and various support
    personnel, and it starts with careful planning.
  • Identify the key participants in the systems
    development process and discuss their roles.
  • Define the term information systems planning and
    list several reasons for initiating a systems
    project.
  • Identify important system performance
    requirements for applications that run on the
    Internet or a corporate intranet or extranet.
  • Discuss three trends that illustrate the impact
    of enterprise resource planning software packages
    on systems development.

53
Principles and Learning Objectives
  • Systems development often uses tools to select,
    implement, and monitor projects, including net
    present value (NPV), prototyping, rapid
    application development, CASE tools, and
    object-oriented development.
  • Discuss the key features, advantages, and
    disadvantages of the traditional, prototyping,
    rapid application development, and end-user
    systems development life cycles.
  • Identify several factors that influence the
    success or failure of a systems development
    project.
  • Discuss the use of CASE tools and the
    object-oriented approach to systems development.

54
Principles and Learning Objectives
  • Systems development starts with investigation and
    analysis of existing systems.
  • State the purpose of systems investigation.
  • Discuss the importance of performance and cost
    objectives.
  • State the purpose of systems analysis and discuss
    some of the tools and techniques used in this
    phase of systems development.

55
End of Chapter 12
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