Connectivity Standard for the Future Storage Network

1
Connectivity Standard for the Future Storage
Network

• Lizhi Charlie Zhong
• December 1, 2000

2
Outline

• Motivation
• Fibre Channel
• Gigabit Ethernet
• Conclusion

3
Demand and Market

• Future Internet is all about Storage
• Net surfing, virtual mall, digital library, video
  on demand
• Personal archive 200G x 100million 20,000
  petabytes
• Data warehouse, mirroring, backup,disaster
  recovery, storage on demand, effective use of IT
  resources
• Spending on storage
• The largest 2500 companies world wide go from
  spending 3.8 million each last year to 19.3
  million each by 2003, an increase from 4 to 19
  of their IT budgets
• Storage Market will be 100 billion (bigger than
  the market for servers)

4
Enabling Technologies

• Storage will be almost free and infinite
• A penny per megabyte
• Cheaper to write information on storage than on
  paper
• Storage volume will go from 200 petabytes in 2000
  to 10,000 petabytes in 2005 (a 50-fold increase)
• Bandwidth will be almost free and infinite
• By 2002, 11.5 billion miles of optical wires are
  installed globally, up from 23 million miles in
  1999
• DWDM further expands capacity 1000 times or more
  
• All-optical network can shuttle data at
  tremendous speed without ever needing to be
  converted into electrical signals
• Need a network of servers and storage that
  allows any server to access any storage

5
Storage Network Requirements

• Very reliable
• High bandwidth
• Secure
• Low Latency

• Long distance span
• Effective use of IT resources
• Easy to maintain
• Low cost

6
NAS vs. SAN

• Network Attached Storage
• Simple
• Low cost
• Long delay
• Extra overhead
• Data drop rate 5-15
• Network File System

• Storage Area Network
• Private network
• Separates storage data
• High reliability, security
• Consolidate storage in different locations
• Pricey ( 70,000/ 200 Gigabytes)
• Big enterprises are moving to SAN (value of disk
  drives attached from 1.3 billion in 1999 to 4
  billion in 2000 and 24.6 billion in 2003 21 of
  external storage market, 70 by 2003)

7
Motivation

• Which of NAS or SAN will prevail?
• Which gigabit technology will be used?
• Fibre Channel up to 4 Gbps, 10 km
• Gigabit Ethernet up to 40 Gbps, 40km
• 10-Gigabit SONET
• ATM

8
Fibre Channel

• channels

networks
SCSI
IPI
HIPPI
SBCCS
802.2
IP
ATM
FC-4
FC-3
Common Services
FC-2
Framing Protocol/Flow Control
FC-1
Encode/Decode
FC-0
133 Mbps
266 Mbps
531 Mbps
1062 Mbps
9
Class of services

• Depends on data types, differs on flow control
• Connection-oriented Services
• Class 1 dedicated
• Class 4 virtual
• Class 6 multicast
• Connectionless services
• Class 2 with acknowledgement
• Class 3 Without acknowledgement

10
Topology
11
Typical SAN network
12
Technology Comparison
13
Advantages and Disadvantages

• Optimized for storage
• Adopted by industry
• Highly reliable
• Secure
• Very low latency
• Congestion free
• Universal transport
• Little transmission OH
• HW implement able

• Pricey
• Implementation and management headache
• Bad for long distances
• Not IP network
• Private network
• Complex standards set
• Interoperability
• Extra HW interface

14
Gigabit Ethernet

• Low costboth purchase cost and support cost
• Large number of people have been trained
• Vast number of management software and trouble
  shooting tools available
• Seamlessly integrated into existing Ethernet
• Highly reliable and very high bandwidth
• Best of FC and Ethernet

15
Gigabit Ethernet

• 13 months of standardization time
• Scalable to higher data rates 10 Gbps and 40
  Gbps
• Longer distance 10-Gigabit Ethernet can go up to
  40km
• Ethernet only defines up to data link layer,
  can add higher layers specified by open standards
  based on application requirements

16
10-Gigabit Ethernet

• Switched only
• Coding 8B/10B, scrambling code, MB810
• Serial or parallel (4 x 2.5G or DWDM)
• Data rate 10Gbps or 9.58464 Gbps
• Distance up to 40km
• Cost targeted at 23 times of GE

17
Advantages

• Low cost
• Maintenance is easier
• Scalable to higher data rates
• Very reliable
• Short standardization cycle

• Longer distance
• Open standard
• Seamlessly integration into existing LAN, MAN and
  WAN
• Single network for server-to-server and storage

18
Disadvantages

• Does not support SCSI, not backward compatible to
  existing storage systems
• Latency due to loss of data and prepackaging
• SecurityIP network invites outside access
• Congestion loss due to rate based flow control

19
Storage over Gigabit Ethernet

• Support SCSI or have storage interface
• Low latency
• Security

• Ethernet interface
• SCSI over TCP
• Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP)
• 802.p and 802.q
• Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) function of
  Isec

20
Conclusion

• Gigabit Ethernet provides gigabit, highly
  reliable connectivity needed by future storage
  network
• Paired with higher layer protocols, it can
  achieve desired security and latency requirements
  set by storage applications
• Its popularity in LAN, MAN and WAN allows it to
  have lower cost and better support
• The truly integration of storage network with
  LAN, MAN and WAN will be made possible by the use
  of Gigabit Ethernet, 10-Gigabit Ethernet and so on