Building Fire Overview Florida Building Code 2004 Edition

1
Building / Fire OverviewFlorida Building
Code2004 Edition

• Chapters 1- 10

2
Overview

• Chapter 1 Administration
• Chapter 2 Definitions
• Chapter 3 Occupancy Classification
• Chapter 4 Special Requirements Based on
  Occupancy
• Chapter 5 Heights and Areas

3
Overview

• Chapter 6 Type Construction
• Chapter 7 Fire Resistance Rated Construction
• Chapter 8 Interior Finish
• Chapter 9 Fire Protection Systems
• Chapter 10 Means of Egress

4
Intent of Codes

• Reasonable degree of safety to public in the
  built environment
• Minimum requirements
• Fire resistant construction provides
• Life safety to public
• Life safety to firefighters
• Property protection for building and exposures

5
Base Codes for FBC 2004

• International Building Code, 2003 edition
• International Plumbing Code, 2003 edition
• International Mechanical Code, 2003 edition
• International Fuel Gas Code, 2003 edition

6
Base Codes for FBC 2004

• International Residential Code, 2003 edition
• International Existing Building Code, 2003
  edition
• National Electrical Code, 2002 edition
• U. S. Department of Housing and Urban
  Development, Fair Housing Guidelines

7
Base Codes for FBC 2004

• Substantive criteria from the ASHRAE Standard
  90.1-1999
• Accessibility provisions of FBC Chapter 11
  substituted for IBC Chapter 11
• Energy provisions of FBC Chapter 13 substituted
  for IBC Chapter 13
• High Velocity Hurricane Zone provisions retained
  in FBC 2004

8
Florida Building Code 2004

• Florida-specific modifications retained

9
Chapter 1Administration
10
Administrative

• Scope. The provisions of the Florida Building
  Code shall apply to the construction, alteration,
  movement, enlargement, replacement, repair,
  equipment, use and occupancy, location,
  maintenance, removal
• continued

FBC 101.2
11
Administrative

• continued
• and demolition of every building or structure or
  any appurtenances connected or attached to such
  buildings or structures.

FBC 101.2
12
Administrative

• Chapter 1 is limited to the administration of the
  code
• Permitting
• Plan review
• Inspection
• Incorporation of former or current statutory
  requirements related to construction

13
Administrative

• Two Exceptions
• Detached one- and two-family dwellings and
  multiple single-family dwellings (town houses)
  not more than three stories high with separate
  means of egress and their accessory structures
  shall comply with the Florida Building Code,
  Residential.
• continued

14
Administrative

• Two Exceptions continued
• Existing buildings undergoing repair, alterations
  or additions and a change of occupancy shall be
  permitted to comply with the Florida Existing
  Building Code.

15
Administrative

• Where conflicts exist within code, most
  restrictive provisions shall govern
• Where a conflict exists between a general
  requirement and a specific requirement, the
  specific requirement prevails

FBC 102.1
16
Administrative

• Codes and standards referenced in code shall be
  considered part of the code to the prescribed
  extent of each such reference
• Where differences occur between provisions of
  code and referenced codes and standards, the
  provisions of code shall apply.

FBC 102.4
17
Applicability

• Manufactured buildings
• Relocation of existing manufactured building does
  not constitute an alteration
• A relocated building shall comply with wind speed
  requirements of the new location, using the
  appropriate wind speed map
• continued

FBC 102.7
18
Applicability

• Manufactured buildings continued
• If the existing building was manufactured in
  compliance with the Standard Building Code (prior
  to March 1, 2002), wind speed map of the Standard
  Building Code shall be applicable
• If the existing building was manufactured in
  compliance with the Florida Building Code (after
  March 1, 2002), the wind speed map of the Florida
  Building Code shall be applicable

FBC 102.7
19

20
Permits

• Annual Facility Permit
• Expanded to cover all occupancy classes
• Record keeping and inspection provisions retained
• Removes provisions requiring approval for forms
  used to keep list/identify all work
• Removes specific authority to revoke or deny
  future AFPs for pattern of code violations
• (FBC-04 104.1.2 FBC-01 104.1.7.1)

FBC 105.1.1
21
Permits

• Emergency Repairs
• Allows equipment replacement and repairs under
  emergency conditions to be made without permit
• Requires permit application to be submitted next
  business day

FBC 105.2.1
22
Permits

• Minor Repairs. Ordinary minor repairs may be made
  without permit with approval of building official
• Minor repairs must meet technical codes and may
  not include
• Cutting away of walls, partitions, or portions
  thereof
• Removal or cutting of any structural beam or load
  bearing support
• Changes affecting means of egress

FBC 105.2.2
23
Permits

• Minor repairs must meet technical codes and may
  not include addition to, or alteration of

• Standpipe
• Water supply
• Sewer
• Drainage
• Drain leader
• Gas, soil, waste, vent or similar piping

• Electric wiring systems
• Mechanical equipment
• Other work affecting public health or general
  safety

FBC 105.2.2
24
Permits

• Work starting before permit issuance
• Provides authority to building official to allow
  work to start before permit issuance
• Limited to work described in permit application
  and plan
• Provides any work is entirely at risk of permit
  applicant
• Prohibits work beyond the first required
  inspection

FBC 105.12
25
Permits

• Phased permit approval
• Provides authority to issue permit for foundation
  or any other part of building before the
  construction documents for the whole building or
  structure have been submitted
• Requires submittal of the appropriate
  construction documents for elements to be built
• continued

FBC 105.13
26
Permits

• Phased permit approvalcontinued
• Places holder of permit at holders own risk with
  the building operation and without assurance that
  a permit for the entire structure will be granted
• Corrections may be required to meet the
  requirements of the technical codes

FBC 105.13
27
Permits

• Supervision of work by architect or engineer
  required
• Building official shall require
• Supervision by architect or engineer signing
  affidavit for permits issued under affidavit
• Supervision by architect or engineer preparing
  drawings or computations for work determined by
  building official to be hazardous or complex

FBC 105.14
28
Construction Drawings

• Fire Protection System Shop Drawings
• Submittal and approval required prior to the
  start of system installation
• Shop drawings shall contain all information as
  required by the referenced installation standards
  in Chapter 9

FBC 106.1.1.1
29
Construction Drawings

• Requires building official to verify review for
  code compliance via stamp or in writing
• Requires one set reviewed documents to be
  retained by building official and one set on site

FBC 106.3.1
30
Construction Drawings

• Adds language requiring construction in
  accordance with approved plans
• Requires changes in construction not in
  accordance with approved construction documents
  be resubmitted for approval as an amended set of
  construction documents

FBC 106.4
31
Construction Drawings

• Adds language requiring the retention of one set
  of approved construction documents for at least
  180 days after completion of work, or as required
  by Florida statutes

FBC 106.5
32
Construction Drawings

• Section of FBC 2001 requiring detailing of how
  structural and fire resistance integrity to be
  maintained at penetrations eliminated

FBC 104.2.3
33
Inspections

• Modifies required building inspections to require
  inspection of foundations and connection thereto
  for manufactured buildings

FBC 109.3
34
Certificate of Occupancy

• Provides for contents of certificate of
  occupancy
• Permit number
• Address
• Name and address of owner
• Description of portion of structure for which
  certificate is issued
• Statement that described portion of structure has
  been inspected for compliance with code
• continued

FBC 110.2
35
Certificate of Occupancy

• Information on certificate of occupancycontinued
• Name of building official
• Edition of code under which permit issued
• Use and occupancy in accordance with Chapter 3
• Type construction in accordance with Chapter 6
• Design occupant load
• Where sprinkler system provided, if the system
  was required
• Any special conditions of the permit

FBC 110.2
36
Certificate of Occupancy

• Provides for suspension or revocation of
  certificate of occupancy or completion
• By building official in writing
• When certificate issued in error
• When certificate issued on basis of incorrect
  information
• Where building is in violation of any ordinance,
  regulation, or the code

FBC 110.4
37
Stop Work Orders

• Adds section providing authority to issue stop
  work orders
• May be for work in violation of code or performed
  in a dangerous or unsafe manner
• Required to state reason for order and conditions
  under which cited work will be permitted to resume

FBC 114.1
38
Chapter 2 Definitions
39
Definitions

• General definitions found in Chapter 2
• In addition, other definitions found in various
  chapters of code

40
Chapter 3Occupancy Classification
41
Classification of Occupancy

• Establishes separation/protection requirements
  for incidental use areas
• Establishes accessory use requirements
• Establishes mixed use criteria
• Non-separated uses
• Separated uses
• New section for different uses of same space

42
Incidental Use Areas

• Spaces incidental to main occupancy
• Separated or protected or both as required by
  Table 302.1.1, or the building is classified a
  mixed occupancy and required to comply with
  302.3, Mixed Occupancies
• Exception Incidental use areas within and
  serving a dwelling unit not subject to these
  provisions.

FBC 302.1.1
43
TABLE 302.1.1 INCIDENTAL USE AREAS
44
Incidental Use Areas

• Areas classified same as main occupancy
• Where Table 302.1.1 requires separation, a fire
  barrier in accordance with FBC 706 required
• Where Table 302.1.1 permits suppression with no
  separation, incidental use area is separated by
  construction capable of resisting the passage of
  smoke

FBC 302.1.1
45
TABLE 302.1.1 INCIDENTAL USE AREAS
46
Incidental Use Areas

• Partitions shall extend from the floor to the
  underside of the fire rated floor/ceiling
  assembly or fire rated roof/ceiling assembly or
  to the underside of the floor or roof deck above
• Doors shall be self-closing or automatic-closing
  upon detection of smoke
• Doors shall not have air transfer openings
• Doors shall not be undercut in excess of the
  clearance permitted by NFPA 80

FBC 302.1.1
47
Fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling or
roof/ceiling assembly
Floor or roof deck
Walls to extend tight to deck or rated assembly
Walls to be constructed to resist passage of smoke
Floor
Note Doors shall be self-closing or automatic
closing upon detection of smoke have no air
transfer openings have no excessive undercuts
48
Accessory Use Areas

• Fire barrier required to separate accessory use
  areas classified as Group H
• Treated as mixed occupancy required to be
  separated by a fire barrier in accordance with
  302.3.2 and Table 302.3.2
• Incidental use areas required to be separated by
  Table 302.1.1, shall be separated in accordance
  with 302.1.1.1
• Fire barrier or partitions capable of resisting
  passage of smoke

49
Accessory Use Areas

• Any other accessory use area shall not be
  required to be separated by a fire barrier
  provided
• The accessory use area occupies an area not more
  than 10 percent of the area of the story in which
  it is located, and
• Does not exceed the tabular values in Table 503
  for the allowable height or area for such use.

FBC 302.2
50
Accessory Assembly Areas

• Accessory assembly use areas not considered
  separate occupancies if the floor area is equal
  to or less than 750 square feet
• Assembly use areas that are accessory to Group E
  are not considered separate occupancies
• Accessory religious educational rooms and
  religious auditoriums with occupant loads of less
  than 100 are not considered separate occupancies

FBC 302.2.1
51
Accessory use area
Incinerator room or other incidental use area
Group H or other non-H occupancy 10,000 sq ft
No fire barrier required
Separation and/or protection required
Group F-1
Fire barrier required as per Table 302.1.1
Group H of any permitted size
Building of 100,000 sq ft
52
Mixed Occupancy Class

• Where a building is occupied by two or more uses
  not included in the same occupancy
  classification, the building or portion thereof
  shall comply with Section 302.3.1, Non-separated
  Uses, or 302.3.2, Separated Uses, or a
  combination of these sections

FBC 302.3
53
Mixed Occupancy Class

• Exceptions
• Occupancies separated in accordance with Section
  508
• Areas of Group H-2, H-3, H-4 or H-5 occupancies
  shall be separated from any other occupancy in
  accordance with Section 302.3.2, Separated Uses
• Where required by Table 415.3.2, areas of Group
  H-1, H-2 or H-3 occupancy shall be located in a
  separate and detached building or structure
• continued

FBC 302.3
54
Mixed Occupancy Class

• Exceptionscontinued
• Accessory use areas in accordance with Section
  302.2
• Incidental use areas in accordance with Section
  302.1.1

FBC 302.3
55
Mixed Occupancy Class

• Two options available for designing mixed
  occupancy buildings
• Option 1Non-Separated
• Option 2Separated
• Options 1 or 2, or any combination thereof, may
  be used in a building

FBC 302.3.2
56
Mixed Occupancy Class

• Option 1Non-separated uses
• Each portion of the building shall be
  individually classified as to use
• The required type of construction for the
  building shall be determined by applying the
  height and area limitations for each of the
  applicable occupancies to the entire building
• The most restrictive type of construction, so
  determined, shall apply to the entire building
• continued

FBC 302.3.1
57
No fire separation required
Occupancy 1
Occupancy 2

• Type of construction limited by
• Lesser height limit of Occupancy 1 or 2
• Lesser floor area limit of Occupancy 1 or 2
• Most restrictive fire-protection system
  requirements of Occupancy 1 and 2 (also high-rise
  provisions

58
Mixed Occupancy Class

• Option 1Non-separated usescontinued
• All other code requirements shall apply to each
  portion of the building based on the use of that
  space except that the most restrictive applicable
  provisions of Section 403 (High Rise) and Chapter
  9 shall apply to these non-separated uses
• Fire separations are not required between uses,
  except as required by other provisions

FBC 302.3.1
59
No fire separation required
Occupancy 1
Occupancy 2

• Type of construction limited by
• Lesser height limit of Occupancy 1 or 2
• Lesser floor area limit of Occupancy 1 or 2
• Most restrictive fire-protection system
  requirements of Occupancy 1 and 2 (also high-rise
  provisions

60
Mixed Occupancy Class

• Option 2Separated uses
• Each portion of the building shall be
  individually classified as to use and shall be
  completely separated from adjacent areas by fire
  barrier walls or horizontal assemblies or both
  having a fire-resistance rating determined in
  accordance with Table 302.3.2
• Each fire area shall comply with this code based
  on the use of that space
• continued

FBC 302.3.2
61
Mixed Occupancy Class

• Option 2Separated usescontinued
• Each fire area shall comply with the height
  limitations based on the use of that space and
  the type of construction classification
• In each story, the building area shall be such
  that the sum of the ratios of the floor area of
  each use divided by the allowable area for each
  use shall not exceed one
• continued

FBC 302.3.2
62
1-hour fire-resistance-rated physical separation
required. See Table 302.3.3
Group H-3 hazardous material storage
Group S-1 storage
Group F-1 manufacturing
Group B offices
63
Occupancy 1
Fire-resistance-rated horizontal assembly
Occupancy 2
Occupancy 3
Fire-resistance-rated fire barrier
Minimum fire-resistance rating based on Section
302.3.3 and Table 302.3.3
64
Mixed Occupancy Class

• Option 2 Exceptioncontinued
• Except for Group H and I-2 areas, where the
  building is equipped throughout with an automatic
  sprinkler system, installed in accordance with
  section 903.3.1.1, the fire-resistance ratings in
  Table 302.3.2 shall be reduced by 1 hour but to
  not less than 1 hour and to not less than that
  required for floor construction according to the
  type of construction.

FBC 302.3.2
65
(No Transcript)
66
Mixed Occupancy Class

• Options 1 or 2, or any combination thereof, may
  be used in a building

FBC 302.3.2
67
Group A - Assembly

• Group A includes, among others, the use of a
  building or structure, or a portion thereof, for
  the gathering together of persons for purposes
  such as civic, social or religious functions,
  recreation, food or drink consumption or awaiting
  transportation
• A room or space used for assembly purposes by
  less than 50 persons and accessory to another
  occupancy shall be included as a part of that
  occupancy
• Assembly areas with less than 750 square feet
  and which are accessory to another occupancy
  according to Section 302.2.1 are not assembly
  occupancies

FBC 303.1
68
Group A - Assembly

• Group A includes, among others, the use of a
  building or structure, or a portion thereof, for
  the gathering together of persons for purposes
  such as civic, social or religious functions,
  recreation, food or drink consumption or awaiting
  transportation
• Assembly occupancies which are accessory to Group
  E in accordance with Section 302.2 are not
  considered assembly occupancies
• Religious educational rooms and religious
  auditoriums which are accessory to churches in
  accordance with Section 302.2 and which have
  occupant loads of less than 100 shall be
  classified as A-3.

FBC 303.1
69
Group A - Assembly

• Group A expanded to five subcategories
• Group A-1
• A-1 Assembly uses, usually with fixed seating,
  intended for the production and viewing of the
  performing arts or motion pictures including, but
  not limited to
• Motion picture theaters
• Symphony and concert halls
• Television and radio studios admitting an
  audience
• Theaters

FBC 303.1
70
Group A - Assembly

• Group A-2
• A-2 Assembly uses intended for food and/or drink
  consumption including, but not limited to
• Banquet halls
• Night clubs
• Restaurants
• Taverns and bars

FBC 303.1
71
Group A - Assembly

• Group A-3
• A-3 Assembly uses intended for worship,
  recreation or amusement and other assembly uses
  not classified elsewhere in Group A including,
  but not limited to

• Amusement arcades
• Art galleries
• Bowling alleys

• Churches
• Community halls
• Courtrooms

continued
FBC 303.1
72
Group A - Assembly

• Group A-3continued

• Indoor tennis courts (without spectator seating)
• Lecture halls
• Libraries
• Museums
• Waiting areas in transportation terminals
• Pool and billiard parlors

• Dance halls (not including food or drink
  consumption)
• Exhibition halls
• Funeral parlors
• Gymnasiums (without spectator seating)
• Indoor swimming pools (without spectator seating)

FBC 303.1
73
Group A - Assembly

• Group A-4
• A-4 Assembly uses intended for viewing of indoor
  sporting events and activities with spectator
  seating including, but not limited to
• Arenas
• Skating rinks
• Swimming pools
• Tennis courts

FBC 303.1
74
Group A - Assembly

• Group A-5
• A-5 Assembly uses intended for participation in
  or viewing outdoor activities including, but not
  limited to
• Amusement park structures
• Bleachers
• Grandstands
• Stadiums

FBC 303.1
75

• Group A-4
• Arenas
• Skating rinks
• Swimming pools

• Group A-1
• Motion picture theatres
• Theaters

• Group A-2
• Banquet halls
• Night clubs
• Restaurants
• Taverns

• Group A-5
• Bleachers
• Grandstands
• Stadiums

• Group A-3
• Art galleries Gymnasiums
• Churches Lecture halls
• Community halls Libraries
• Conference rooms Museums
• Exhibition halls Passenger stations

76
Group A - Assembly

• Restaurants and drinking establishments with an
  occupant load of less than 50 persons classified
  as Group M, Mercantile.

FBC 303.1.1
77
Group F - Factory

• Creates three subcategories
• Factory Industrial F-1 Moderate-Hazard Occupancy
• Factory industrial uses which are not classified
  as Factory Industrial F-2 Low Hazard shall be
  classified Factory Industrial F-1 Moderate Hazard
• Factory Industrial F-2 Low-Hazard Occupancy
• Factory industrial uses that involve the
  fabrication or manufacturing of noncombustible
  materials which during finishing, packing or
  processing do not involve a significant fire
  hazard shall be classified as F-2 occupancies
• continued

FBC 306
78
Group F - Factory

• Creates three subcategoriescontinued
• Special purpose F-3
• Factory-industrial occupancy includes industrial
  operations in buildings designed for and suitable
  only for particular types of operations,
  characterized by a relatively low density of
  employee population, with much of the area
  occupied by machinery or equipment

FBC 306
79
Group I

• Expanded to three categories
• Increases threshold from 4 to 5 for former Group
  I Unrestrained
• Eliminates subcategories of Residential
  Care/Assisted Living Facilities
• More than 16 occupants Group I-1
• 5 to 16 occupants classified Group R-4

FBC 308.2 310.1
80

• Group I-1
• Residential board care facilities
• Assisted living facilities
• Half-way houses
• Group homes
• Congregate care facilities
• Social rehabilitation facilities
• Alcohol and drug centers
• Convalescent facilities

• Group I-3
• Prisons
• Jails
• Reformatories
• Detention centers
• Correction centers
• Prerelease centers

• Group I-4
• Adult custodial care facilities
• Child custodial care facilities

• Group I-2
• Hospitals
• Nursing homes
• Mental hospitals
• Detoxification facilities
• Infant care (24-hr basis)

Group I-4 in IBC eliminated in favor of FBC 313
Group DDay Care
81
Group R - Residential

• Limits Group R-4 Assisted Care Facilities to 16
  occupants, excluding staff

FBC 310
82
Group U Utilityand Miscellaneous

• Aircraft hangars, accessory to a one- or
  two-family residence
• Barns
• Carports
• Fences more than 6 feet high
• Grain silos, accessory to a residential occupancy

• Greenhouses
• Livestock shelters
• Private garages
• Retaining walls
• Sheds
• Stables
• Tanks
• Towers

FBC 312
83
Chapter 4 Special Detailed Requirements Basedon
Use and Occupancy
84
Special Design Criteria

• Code carries forward special design criteria from
  rules previously promulgated by state agencies
  that addressed construction

85
Special Design Criteria

• 419 Hospitals
• 420 Nursing Homes
• 421 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
• 422 Birthing Centers
• 423 Public Education Occupancy

• 424 Swimming Pools and Bathing Places
• 425 Public Lodging Establishments
• 426 Public Food Service Establishments
• 427 Mental Health Programs

86
Special Design Criteria

• 428 Manufactured Buildings
• 429 Boot Camps for Children
• 430 Mausoleums and Columbariums
• 431 Transient Public Lodging Establishments

• 432 Use of Asbestos in New Public Buildings
  or Buildings Newly Constructed for Lease to
  Government Entities - Prohibition
• 433 Adult Day Care
• 434 Assisted Living Facilities
• 435 Control of Radiation Hazards

87
Covered Malls

• Adds limit for covered mall buildings to three
  floor levels at any point to existing limit of
  not more than three stories above grade
• Except as specifically required by Section 402,
  covered mall buildings shall meet applicable
  provisions of this code
• Provides exception from Section 402 for buildings
  totally complying with other applicable
  provisions of code

FBC 402.1
88
Covered Malls

• Requires submittal of lease plan to building and
  fire departments after issuance of certificate of
  occupancy
• Must show location of each occupancy and its
  exits
• No modifications or changes in occupancy or use
  from that shown on the lease plan permitted
  without prior approval of the building official.

FBC 402.3
89
Covered Malls

• Means of Egress
• Specifies where conflicts between Section 402.4
  and code exist, Section 402.4 prevails
• Changes method for determining required means of
  egress from mall
• Number of occupants for whom means of egress are
  to be provided based on gross leasable area of
  the covered mall building (excluding anchor
  buildings) and the occupant load factor as
  determined by provided Equation 4-1

FBC 402.4.1.1
90
Covered Malls

• Equation 4-1
• OLF (0.00007) (GLA) 25
• where
• OLF The occupant load factor (square
  feet/person)
• GLA The gross leasable area (square feet)
• The occupant load factor (OLF) is not required
  to be less than 30 and shall not exceed 50

FBC 402.4.1.1
91
Covered Malls

• Stipulates occupant load of food courts to be
  determined in accordance with Section 1004
• Occupant load of food court added to occupant
  load of mall as determined with Equation 4-1

FBC 402.4.1.4
92
Covered Malls

• Tenant Spaces Number of Means of Egress
• Threshold requiring two means of egress decrease
  from 75 to 50 persons
• Specifies 75 ft. travel distance limit applies to
  persons other than employees

FBC 402.4.2
93
Covered Malls

• Reduces threshold at which entrances for Group A
  occupancies within mall are required to be
  immediately adjacent to a principal entrance to
  the mall
• Threshold decreased to 500 occupant load
• Formerly, 1000 or 750

FBC 402.4.3
94
Covered Malls

• Permits service rooms such as mechanical rooms,
  electrical rooms, service areas, and service
  elevators to open directly onto exit passageways
  provided
• Passageway is separated from room with one-hour
  fire rated walls and opening protectives and,
• Room is fully sprinklered with no omission of
  sprinklers permitted

FBC 402.4.6
95
High Rise

• Permits fire rating of vertical shafts other than
  exit enclosures and elevator hoist ways to be
  reduced to one hour when automatic sprinklers are
  installed within the shafts at the top on
  alternate floor levels

FBC 403.2
96
High Rise

• Elevator lobby provisions moved to Chapter 7
• Lobbies not required for Group B where fire rated
  corridors are not required

FBC 707.14.1
97
Chapter 5 General Building Heights and Areas
98
Table 503

• Allowable heights and areas based on type
  construction and building use
• Table provides base height and areas
• Chapter provides increases thereof

99
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100
TABLE 601FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING
REQUIREMENTSFOR BUILDING ELEMENTS (hrs)
For SI 1 foot 304.8 mm. Footnotes found
on next slide.
101
TABLE 601 Footnotes
a The structural frame shall be considered to be
the columns and the girders, beams, trusses and
spandrels having direct connections to the
columns and bracing members designed to carry
gravity loads. The members of floor or roof
panels which have no connection to the columns
shall be considered secondary members and not a
part of the structural frame. b Fire-resistance
ratings of the structural frame and bearing walls
are permitted to be reduced by 1 hour where
supporting one floor or one roof
only. c 1. Except in Factory-Industrial (F-1),
Hazardous (H), Institutional (I), Mercantile (M)
and Moderate- Hazard Storage (S-1) occupancies,
fire protection of structural members shall not
be required, including protection of roof
framing and decking where every part of the roof
construction is 20 feet or more above any floor
immediately below. 2. In Type I and II
construction, fire-retardant-treated wood shall
be allowed in buildings including girders and
trusses as part of the roof construction when the
building is Two stories or less in
height Type II construction over two stories
or Type I construction over two stories and
the vertical distance from the upper floor to the
roof is 20 feet or more. d Group B and M
occupancies of Type II or III construction five
or more stories in height shall be required to
have a minimum 2-hour fire resistance rating for
the floor construction located over the
basement. e Not less than the fire-resistance
rating required by other sections of this
code. f Not less than the fire-resistance rating
based on fire separation distance (see Table
602). g For Group A, B, E, F and R occupancies
and parking garages, the required fire-resistance
ratings for the structural frame, floor and roof
construction, including supporting beams and
joists, shall be permitted to be reduced by
1-hour where the building is protected throughout
with an approved automatic sprinkler system in
accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, but the fire
resistance rating shall not be less than
1-hour. h For unsprinklered Group E occupancies
of Type, II-B, III-B, IV orV-B construction, the
floor construction located immediately above
useable space in basements shall have a
fire-resistance rating of not less than 1-hour.
102
Type of Construction
103
(No Transcript)
104
TABLE 601FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING
REQUIREMENTSFOR BUILDING ELEMENTS (hrs)
For SI 1 foot 304.8 mm. Footnotes found
on next slide.
105
TABLE 601 Footnotes
a The structural frame shall be considered to be
the columns and the girders, beams, trusses and
spandrels having direct connections to the
columns and bracing members designed to carry
gravity loads. The members of floor or roof
panels which have no connection to the columns
shall be considered secondary members and not a
part of the structural frame. b Fire-resistance
ratings of the structural frame and bearing walls
are permitted to be reduced by 1 hour where
supporting one floor or one roof
only. c 1. Except in Factory-Industrial (F-1),
Hazardous (H), Institutional (I), Mercantile (M)
and Moderate- Hazard Storage (S-1) occupancies,
fire protection of structural members shall not
be required, including protection of roof
framing and decking where every part of the roof
construction is 20 feet or more above any floor
immediately below. 2. In Type I and II
construction, fire-retardant-treated wood shall
be allowed in buildings including girders and
trusses as part of the roof construction when the
building is Two stories or less in
height Type II construction over two stories
or Type I construction over two stories and
the vertical distance from the upper floor to the
roof is 20 feet or more. d Group B and M
occupancies of Type II or III construction five
or more stories in height shall be required to
have a minimum 2-hour fire resistance rating for
the floor construction located over the
basement. e Not less than the fire-resistance
rating required by other sections of this
code. f Not less than the fire-resistance rating
based on fire separation distance (see Table
602). g For Group A, B, E, F and R occupancies
and parking garages, the required fire-resistance
ratings for the structural frame, floor and roof
construction, including supporting beams and
joists, shall be permitted to be reduced by
1-hour where the building is protected throughout
with an approved automatic sprinkler system in
accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, but the fire
resistance rating shall not be less than
1-hour. h For unsprinklered Group E occupancies
of Type, II-B, III-B, IV orV-B construction, the
floor construction located immediately above
useable space in basements shall have a
fire-resistance rating of not less than 1-hour.
106
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107
Type of Construction
108
Type of Construction
109
Height and Area Limitations

• The height and area for buildings of different
  construction types shall be governed by the
  intended use of the building and shall not exceed
  the limits in Table 503 except as modified
  hereafter.

FBC 503.1
110
Height and Area Limitations

• Each part of a building included within the
  exterior walls or the exterior walls and fire
  walls where provided shall be permitted to be a
  separate building.

FBC 503.1
111
Basements as Story

• For purposes of determining allowable building
  height, basements do not count as story (FBC
  503.1.1)
• Group A and Group E basements used as classrooms
  or assembly rooms shall be counted as a story
  (FBC 503.1.2)

112
Buildings on Same Lot

• Buildings on same lot are regulated as separate
  buildings, or
• Two or more buildings on the same lot may be
  considered one building
• If the height of each building and the aggregate
  area of buildings are within the limitations of
  Table 503 as modified by Sections 504 and 506
• The provisions of this code applicable to the
  aggregate building shall be applicable to each
  building

FBC 503.1.3
113
May be considered a single building if the
aggregate area is within limits specified in
Sections 503, 504 and 505.
Provisions of code applicable to aggregate
building to be applicable to each building.
114
Table 503R-2, TYPE V-A Allows 12,000 sq ft per
floor
3,000 sq ft
3,000 sq ft
2'
7'
3,000 sq ft
3,000 sq ft
115
Party Walls

• Any wall located on a property line between
  adjacent buildings which is used or adapted for
  joint service between the two buildings, shall be
  constructed as a fire wall in accordance with
  Section 705, without openings and shall create
  separate buildings.

FBC 503.2
116
Building A
Building B
Party wall
117
Height and Area Modifications for Sprinklers

• Increases of Table 503 limits permitted for
• Sprinklered buildings
• Increases permitted for NFPA 13 and NFPA 13R
  systems
• Frontage clearance

118
Height Modifications
119
Height Modifications

• Special unlimited height
• The height of Group B, Group M and Group R
  occupancies of Type I-B construction shall not be
  limited, provided the fire resistance of all
  columns shall be not less than 3 hours and the
  other structural members including floors shall
  be not less than that shown in Chapter 6, but in
  no case less than 2 hours except that roofs and
  their supporting beams, girders, trusses and
  arches shall be not less than 1½ hours. (Florida
  specific)

FBC 504.1
120
Height Modifications

• Exception The height of one-story aircraft
  hangars, aircraft paint hangars and buildings
  used for the manufacturing of aircraft shall not
  be limited if the building is provided with an
  automatic fire extinguishing system in accordance
  with Chapter 9 and is entirely surrounded by
  public ways or yards not less in width than one
  and one-half times the height of the building

FBC 504.1
121
Height Modifications

• Buildings protected throughout with an approved
  automatic sprinkler system installed in
  accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 (NFPA 13)
• Max height increased by 20 feet
• Max number of stories is increased by one story

FBC 504.2
122
Maximum height and number of stories based upon
occupancy and type of construction as set forth
in Table 503. Given a type VA office building is
permitted to be 3 stories and 50 feet in height
per Table 503. If sprinkler system installed per
Section 504.2, the story limit may be increased
by one story, and the height can exceed the limit
in Table 503 by 20 feet.
4th story
Height of building70' maximum (50' 20'
regardless of number of stories)
Area increase for sprinklers also permitted
Grade plane
Increase does not apply when sprinkler installed
under the following conditions 1. Group I-2 of
Type IIB, III, IV or V construction 2. Group
H-1, H-2, H-3 or H-5
123
Height Modifications

• Group R buildings with approved sprinkler system
  complying with 903.3.1.2 (NFPA 13R)
• Max height is increased by20 feet
• Max number of stories increased by one story
• Shall not exceed four stories or 60 feet
• Increases in addition to area increase

FBC 504.2
124
Height Modifications

• Exceptions
• Group I-2 of Type IIB, III, IV or V construction
• Group H-1, H-2, H-3 or H-5
• Fire-resistance rating substitution in accordance
  with Table 601, Note d

FBC 504.2
125
Maximum height and number of stories based upon
occupancy and type of construction as set forth
in Table 503. Given a type VA office building is
permitted to be 3 stories and 50 feet in height
per Table 503. If sprinkler system installed per
Section 504.2, the story limit may be increased
by one story, and the height can exceed the limit
in Table 503 by 20 feet.
4th story
Height of building70' maximum (50' 20'
regardless of number of stories)
Area increase for sprinklers also permitted
Grade plane
Increase does not apply when sprinkler installed
under the following conditions 1. Group I-2 of
Type IIB, III, IV or V construction 2. Group
H-1, H-2, H-3 or H-5
126
Area Modifications
127
Area Modifications

• Table 503 limits increased for frontage (If ) on
  public way or open space
• Installation of sprinklers (Is )
• Increases are additive

(Equation 5-1)
FBC 506.1
128
Area Modifications
Equation 5-1

• Where
• Aa Allowable area per floor (square feet)
• At Tabular area per floor according to Table
  503
• (square feet)
• If Area increase due to frontage (percent)
• Is Area increase due to sprinkler protection
  (percent)

FBC 506.1
129
Area Increase for Frontage

• Where gt25 of building perimeter is on public way
  or open space
• Minimum width of public way or open space 20 feet

Equation 5-2
FBC 506.2
130
Area Increase for Frontage

• Where
• If Area increase due to frontage
  (percent)
• F Building perimeter which fronts on a
  public way or open space having 20 feet open
  minimum width
• P Perimeter of entire building
• W Minimum width of public way or open space

131
150'
P Perimeter of entire building
15'
20'
130'
155'
30'
132
F Building perimeter which fronts on a public
way or open space having 20 feet open minimum
width
150'
15'
20'
130'
155'
30'
133
Width (W) Limits

• Width of public way or open space (W) shall be at
  least 20 feet and
• W divided by 30 shall not exceed 1.0
• Where I varies along perimeter of building,
  calculation of Equation 5-2 based on weighted
  average of each portion of exterior wall and open
  space where the value of W is between 20 and 30
  feet.

FBC 506.2.1
134
Width (W) Limits

• Exception Quantity W divided by 30 shall not
  exceed 2.0 when all following conditions exist
• Building is permitted to be unlimited in area by
  Section 507 and
• The only provision preventing unlimited area is
  compliance with the 60-foot public way or yard
  requirement

FBC 506.2.1
135
FBC 1 Story, Business, TYPE III B
155' 130' 20,150 sq ft
Table 503 allowable 19,000 sq ft
200'
If 100 F/P 0.25 W/30
If Area increase due to frontage (percent) F
Building perimeter which fronts on a public
way or accessible open space having 20 feet open
minimum width P Perimeter of entire building W
Minimum width of public way or accessible
open space
Fire lane
15'
20'
130'
If 100 440/570 0.25 W/30
If 100 0.77 0.25 W/30
155'
If 100 0.52 W/30
Fire lane
If 52 W/30
If 52 20/30
30'
Kendall St.
If 52 0.67
If 34.84 or 35
19,000 6,650 25,650 sq ft/floor
19,000 0.35 6,650 sq ft.
136
Open Space Limits

• Open space
• On same lot or
• Dedicated for public use
• Open space shall be accessed from a street or
  approved fire lane

FBC 506.2.2
137
Frontage Access Example 1

• In Example 1, the south (street) side can be
  considered open perimeter (frontage). The north
  side cannot be considered open perimeter for the
  purpose of the section because it is not
  accessible to the street.

138
Frontage Access Example 2

• In Example 2, all sides of the building are
  considered open. All sides of the building are
  accessible by means of a fire department access
  road or street.

Fire lane
139
Area Increase for SprinklersNFPA13 903.3.1.1

• Allowable area Table 503 increased
• 200 percent for multi-story buildings (IS
  200 percent)
• 300 percent for single-story buildings (IS
  300 percent)
• Increases in addition to height and story
  increases of 504.2

FBC 506.3
140
Area Increase for Sprinklers

• Exceptions
• Group H-1, H-2 or H-3
• Fire-resistance rating substitution in
  accordance with Table 601, Note d

141
FBC 2 Story, Business, TYPE III B, Spr
200'
Aa Allowable area per floor (square
feet) At Tabular area per floor according to
Table 503 (square feet) If Area increase due to
frontage (percent) Is Area increase due to
sprinkler protection (percent)
Fire lane
20'
15'
130'
Fire lane
155'
30'
Kendall St.
Aa 19,000 6650 38,000 63,650
Aa 63,650 sq ft total allowable per floor
142
Area Determination

• The maximum area of a building shall be
  determined by multiplying the allowable area per
  floor (Aa), as determined in Section 506.1 by the
  number of stories up to a maximum of three stories

FBC 503.3
143
Area Determination

• Determine max area of multi-story buildings by
  multiplying the allowable area of the first floor
  as determined in Section 506.1, by the number of
  stories as listed below.
• For two-story buildings, multiply by 2
• For three-story or higher buildings, multiply by
  3

FBC 506.4
144
Area Determination

• No story shall exceed the allowable area per
  floor as determined in Section 506.1 for the
  occupancies on the floor
• Exceptions
• Unlimited area buildings in accordance with
  Section 507
• Determine max area of a building equipped with a
  sprinkler system in accordance with FBC
  903.3.1.2 (NFPA 13R) by multiplying the
  allowable area per floor as determined in Section
  506.1 by the number of stories

FBC 506.4
145
Example
Business, TYPE III B, Spr
200'
Aa 63,650 sq ft total allowable
Fire lane
Table 503 allowsa 4-story building Using Section
504.2, we can have a 5-story
15'
20'
130'
Fire lane
155'
30'
63,650 sq ft 3 190,950 sq ft maximum area of
building
Kendall St.
146
Unlimited Area One-Story

• Area of a one-story Group A-4, B, F, M, or S
  building of other than Type V Construction is
  unlimited when the building is fully sprinklered
  in accordance with FBC 903.3.1.1 (NFPA 13) and
  surrounded and adjoined by public ways or yards
  not less than 60 feet in width

FBC 507.2
147
Unlimited Area One-Story

• Exceptions
• Buildings and structures of Types I and II
  construction for rack storage facilities, which
  do not have access by the public shall not be
  limited in height provided that such buildings
  conform to the requirements of Section 507.1 and
  NFPA 231C
• continued

FBC 507.2
148
Unlimited Area One-Story

• Exceptionscontinued
• Sprinkler system not required in Group A-4 areas
  occupied for indoor participant sports such as
  tennis, skating, swimming equestrian activities
  provided
• 2.1. Exit doors directly to the outside are
  provided for occupants of the participant sports
  areas, and
• 2.2. The building is equipped with a fire alarm
  system with manual fire alarm boxes installed in
  accordance with Section 907

FBC 507.2
149
Unlimited Group A

• One-story Group A buildings without a stage
  requiring proscenium opening protection shall not
  be limited in area provided they are
• Type II, III-A or IV construction, and
• Surrounded on all sides by a permanent open space
  of not less than 60 ft, and
• Provided with an automatic sprinkler system, and
  
• The assembly floor is located at, or within 21
  inches of street or grade level, and
• All exits meet the street or grade level by ramps
  having a slope not exceeding a 112

FBC 507.9
150
Unlimited Area Two-story

• The area of a two-story, Group B, F, M or S
  building shall not be limited when the building
  is provided with an automatic sprinkler system in
  accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 throughout, and
  is surrounded and adjoined by public ways or
  yards not less than 60 feet in width

FBC 507.3
151
Reduction of 60' Open Space

• The permanent open space of 60 feet required in
  Sections 507.2 and 507.3 shall be permitted to be
  reduced to not less than 40 feet provided the
  following requirements are met
• continued

FBC 507.4
152
Reduction of 60' Open Space

• continued
• The reduced open space shall not be allowed for
  more than 75 percent of the perimeter of the
  building
• The exterior wall facing the reduced open space
  shall have a minimum fire-resistance rating of 3
  hours
• Openings in the exterior wall, facing the reduced
  open space, shall have opening protectives with a
  fire-resistance rating of 3 hours

FBC 507.4
153
Unlimited Area Group E

• The area of a one-story Group E building of Type
  II, IIIA or IV construction shall not be limited
  when the following criteria are met
• continued

FBC 507.8
154
Unlimited Area Group E

• continued
• Each classroom shall have not less than two means
  of egress, with one of the means of egress being
  a direct exit to the outside of the building
  complying with Section 1017 or the building is
  provided with smoke barriers having a minimum
  1-hour fire-resistance rating dividing the
  building into areas not to exceed 30,000 square
  feet in floor area
• The building is equipped with a sprinkler system
  in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1
• continued

FBC 507.8
155
Unlimited Area Group E

• continued
• The building is surrounded and adjoined by public
  ways or yards not less than 60 feet in width

FBC 507.8
156
Unlimited area
Minimum 60-ft yard
Groups A-4, B, F, M, or S occupancies One- or
two- story building Fully sprinklered
Minimum 60-ft yard
Minimum 60-ft yard
Minimum 60-ft public way
Any type of construction permitted Limited
to one story for Group A-4
157
Special Provisions

• Section provides for the use of special
  conditions to exempt or modify the requirements
  related to height and area.
• Majority of the provisions relate to attached
  parking structures
• Special provisions allow unlimited height for
  Groups B, M, and R of Type IB Construction

FBC 508
158
Special Provisions

• Group S-2 Enclosed Parking Garage with Groups A,
  B, M or R above (FBC 508.2)
• Group S-2 enclosed parking garage with Group S-2
  open parking garage above (FBC 508.3)
• Special unlimited height for Groups B, M and R
  (FBC 508.4)

159
Special Provisions

• Special unlimited height for Groups B, M and R
  (FBC 508.4)
• Parking beneath Group R (FBC 508.5)
• Group R-2 buildings of Type IIIA construction
  (FBC 508.6)
• Group R-2 buildings of Type IIA construction (FBC
  508.7)
• Open parking garage beneath Groups A, I, B, M and
  R (FBC 508.8)

160
Chapter 6Types of Construction
161
Construction Classification

• Code requires all buildings and structures to be
  classified in one of five construction types.
• Building elements shall have a fire resistance
  rating not less than that specified in FBC Table
  601
• Exterior walls shall have a fire resistance
  rating not less than that specified in Table 602

FBC 602.1
162
Construction Classification

• A building or portion thereof shall not be
  required to conform to the details of a type of
  construction higher than that type which meets
  the minimum requirements based on occupancy even
  though certain features of such building actually
  conform to a higher type of construction

FBC 602.1.1
163
Construction Classification

• Type I and II construction are those types of
  construction in which the building elements
  listed in Table 601 are of noncombustible
  materials.

FBC 602.2
164
Construction Classification

• Type III construction is that type in which the
  exterior walls are of non-combustible materials
  and the interior building elements are of any
  material permitted by this code.

FBC 602.3
165
Type III-A
Roof 1 hour
Floor/ceiling 1 hour
Partition nonrated
Exterior bearing walls 2 hours
Structural frame or interior bearing wall 1 hour
Type III-B
Roof nonrated
Floor/ceiling nonrated
Partition nonrated
Exterior bearing walls 2 hours
See Notes toTables 601 and 602
Structural frame or interior bearing wall nonrated
166
Construction Classification

• Fire-retardant-treated wood framing complying
  with FBC 2303.2 shall be permitted within
  exterior wall assemblies of 2 hour fire rating or
  less in Type III Construction

FBC 602.3
167
Construction Classification

• Type IV construction (Heavy Timber, HT) is that
  type of construction in which the exterior walls
  are of noncombustible materials and the interior
  building elements are of solid or laminated wood
  without concealed spaces.