Ch' 15 Acids

1
Ch. 15 Acids Bases

• ACIDS Have a H ion (Hydronium ion)
• Corrosive
• pH lower than 7
• Electrolyte
• Sour taste
• Mix acid to water to dilute never mix water to
  acid.

2
Common Acids

• Nitric acid HNO3
• Hydrochloric acid HCl
• Phosphoric acid H3PO4
• Sulfuric acid H2SO4
• Carbonic acid HCO3
• Acetic acid HC2H3O2

3

• Phosphoric acid
• Flavor agent in beverages
• Acetic acid
• 5 of vinegar
• Fermentation product in juices, wines, beer
• Hydrochloric acid
• Stomach acid
• Used to pickle metals

4

• Nitric acid
• Making explosives
• Turns skin yellow protein indicator
• Sulfuric acid
• Strongest acid
• Used in car batteries
• Dehydrating agent (anhydrous)

5
Bases

• Base has an OH- ion (hydroxide ion)
• Corrosive
• pH higher than 7
• Electrolyte
• Bitter taste
• Pink with phenophalthene as an indicator
• H OH- ions tend to neutralize each other out ?
  Neutralization

6
Common Bases

• Lithium hydroxide LiOH ? strong
• Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 ? weak
• Sodium hydroxide NaOH ? strong
• Lye drain cleaner
• Potassium hydroxide KOH ? strong
• Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 ? weak
• Ant-acid

7

• A substance with OH- form a soluble base is
  called an alkaline.
• An acid with a compound of H, O, a third
  element is called an Oxyacid.
• Ex. HNO3, H2SO4
• NH4 is the only base without OH in it.

8

• Basic anhydride is an oxide that reacts with
  water to form an alkaline solution.
• A base without water
• Takes water out of a substance when it come in
  contact with it.
• Very strong bases (lye)
• The stronger the base the more anhydric it is.

9

• Acid anhydride is an oxide that reacts with water
  to form an acid.
• An acid without water
• Takes water out of substances when it comes in
  contact with them.
• Very strong acids (sulfuric acid)
• The stronger the acid the more anhydric it is.

10

• ACIDS BASES COMBINE TO FORM A SALT WATER.
• NaOH HCl ? H2O NaCl
• HCl LiOH ? H2O LiCl
• Amphoteric is any solution that can react as
  either an acid or a base.