Lawrence Herman

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Lawrence Herman

• Canada-U.S. Law Institute
• Canadian Bar Association (Ontario) The Services
  Agenda - GETTING UP TO SPEED
• 26-27 February 2004

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Canadian Interests

• Exports of goods plus service component
• Three Canadians in four
• Most job creation
• Knowledge intensive
• 11th largest exporter
• SMEs

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Canadian Objectives - Outbound

• Broad non-discrimination rules
• More predictable market access
• Transparency (new markets, etc.)
• Regulatory fairness
• Access to judicial process
• Effective dispute settlement

4
Canadian Objectives - Inbound

• Temporary entry
• Labour market tests
• Investment limitations
• National policies in health care, etc.
• Right to regulate
• Federal and Provincial certification

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Delivery of Services

• Cross-border suppliers
• Consumption of services from abroad
• Commercial presence
• Natural persons

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GATS Obligations

• Ground up Specific market access commitments
• MFN and national treatment
• Transparency
• Reasonable regulation
• Permissive recognition

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GATS Obligations

• Monopolies and Excusive Service Providers
• Progressive liberalization
• Dispute settlement
• Compensatory adjustments

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GATS Limitations

• Schedules - specific sectors only
• Obligations depend on commitments
• No general national treatment
• Regulatory exceptions
• Exclusions Government procurement, etc.
• GATT-like exceptions

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GATS Jurisprudence

• EC Bananas All measures affecting trade in
  services
• Canada - Periodicals -- GATT and GATS co-exist
• Canada - Autos -- Services affected by import
  regime

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Improving GATS Disciplines

• Enhancing market access
• Qualification requirements procedures
• Technical standards
• Licensing
• Transparency and predictability
• Mutual recognition agreements

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Canadas GATS Requests

• Professional/business
• Computer
• Management consulting
• RD
• Courier
• Telecommunications

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Canadas GATS Requests

• Construction
• Distribution
• Environmental
• Financial
• Tourism and Travel
• Transport

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Some Specific GATS Issues

• Governmental services
• National and regional accreditation
• Residency and/or citizenship requirements
• Share ownership restrictions
• Licensing and regulation
• Tax treatment

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Some Specific GATS Issues

• Quality of service
• Public convenience
• Bonding and guarantees
• Natives and aboriginal peoples

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Canada-Specific Exclusions

• Film, video, TV
• Fisheries
• Financial services
• Maritime transport
• Air transport
• Seasonal agriculture

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Multilateral and Regional Issues

• Definition of a service
• Limitations on national treatment
• Exempted governmental services
• Government procurement

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Specific Developing Country Issues

• Preferential and differential treatment
• Regional MFN arrangements
• Right of domestic regulation
• Licensing and certification
• Transparency

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State Policies

• Balance of payment restrictions
• Temporary entry of business persons
• Non-conforming measures and Grandfathering

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Contentious Issues

• Investment disputes
• Subsidies
• Dumping of services
• Competition Policy

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Cassels Brock Blackwell LLP 2100 Scotia Plaza,
40 King Street West, Toronto, Canada M5H
3C2 Phone [phone] Fax [phone]
www.casselsbrock.com
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