Botany

1
Botany

• Study of Plants

2
General Characteristics

• Autotrophs
• Eukaryotes
• 400,000 known species
• Cell walls
• Plastids
• Create food and habitat for animals

3
Phylum Bryophyta

• Non-vascular plants (no true roots, stems or
  leaves)
• Must live in moist environment
• Must be small and close to ground

4
P. Bryophyta, Class Muscopsida

• Mosses
• 9500 species
• Small, grow in clumps
• Reproduce by spores
• Pioneer plants

5
P. Bryophyta, Class Hepaticopsida

• Liverwarts
• 6000 species
• Very small
• Moist, warm environments

6
Vascular Plants

• Have vascular tissue
• 250,000 species
• Cell walls contain lignin (tough material for
  support)
• Adapted to survive in tough conditions

7
Structure 1

• Roots Absorb moisture and nutrients, anchor
  plants
• Leaves Use chlorophyll to produce food
• Stems Transfer materials between roots and
  leaves

8
Structure 2

• Vascular Tissue
• Xylem Water and minerals from roots to other
  parts of the plants
• Phloem Sugars and organic material from leaves
  to other parts of the plants

9
Vascular Plant Groups

• Seedless Plants
• Seed Plants

10
Seedless Plants

• Have sperm that swim to egg cells (in dew)
• Simple plants
• Do photosynthesis
• 4 groups

11
Seedless Group 1

• Phylum Psilophyta Whisk Ferns

12
Seedless Group 2

• Phylum Sphenophyta Horse Tails

13
Seedless Group 3

• Phylum Lycophyta Club Mosses

14
Seedless Group 4

• Phylum Pterophyta
• Ferns

15
Seed Plants

• Reproduce with seeds
• Seeds contain plant embryo and cotyledon
  (embryonic leaves)
• Seeds help survive poor conditions

16
Groups of Seed Plants

• Gymnosperm naked seeds
• Angiosperm Flowering plants

17
Gymnosperms

• Seeds in cones
• Usually evergreens
• Leaves needle-like or scale-like

18
Phylum Coniferophyta

• Cone Bearers
• Pine Trees

19
Phylum Cycadophyta

• Cycads,
• palm-like
• (but not palms)
• Ancient group

20
Phylum Ginkgophyta

• Gingko
• Leaves fan-shaped
• Only one species
• Ancient group

21
Phylum Gnetophyta

• Ex Welwitschia, Ephedra
• About 70 species
• Assumed to be the closest related to flowering
  plants

22
(No Transcript)
23
Angiosperm

• Flowering Plants
• About 235,000 species

24
Phylum Anthophyta

• Mature seeds are enclosed in fruits
• Most species of plants
• Flowers are reproductive structures

25
Class Monocotyledon

• Produce seeds with 1 embryonic seed leaf
• Flower parts usually in threes
• Leaves with parallel veins
• Almost all are herbaceous
• Vascular bundles scattered
• Roots diffuse

26
Examples
27
Class Dicotyledon

• 2 Embryonic leaves (dicots)
• Flower parts in 4 or 5s
• Leaf veins in a network
• Vascular Bundles in a circle
• Taproot

28
Examples of Dicots