The Manhattan Project

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The Manhattan Project

• "Now I am become death, the destroyer of worlds."

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The Gadget

• The Gadget was the test bomb developed for the
  Trinity test
• The Gadget is a plutonium device like the Fat
  Man dropped on Nagasaki.

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"Now I am become death, the destroyer of worlds."

• On July 16, 1945, at 52945 AM, a light
  "brighter than a thousand suns," filled the
  valley. As the now familiar mushroom cloud rose
  in to the sky.
• The "Gadget" had a yield equivalent to 19
  kilotons of TNT.

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Trinity

• This is the first test of an atomic device
• No one knew what to expect

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A view of the blast
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The effects of the Blast

• Since the Trinity device was fired from a tower,
  the fireball created by the explosion touched the
  ground and vaporized large amounts of soil. These
  heavy particles, highly radioactive, precipitated
  out of the cloud quickly, causing a fair amount
  of local fallout. The explosion vaporized a
  crater ten feet deep and a half-mile wide and
  left a thin layer of radioactive glass
  (Trinitite).

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Effects of a blast
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Little Boy

• A uranium device.
• Two bits of uranium 235 are shot together to make
  the explosion
• This type of device had not been tested.
• Dropped on Hiroshima

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Hiroshima

• 90,000 people killed instantly
• 100,000 wounded
• Spontaneous combustion of wooden structures up
  to two miles away

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Hiroshima after the blast
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Hiroshima after the blast
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Hiroshima after the blast
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Hiroshima after the blast
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Fat Man

• A plutonium device
• The same implosion-type bomb as the Gadget
• Dropped on Nagasaki

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The amount of plutonium in Fat Man
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Nagasaki

• 286,000 people living in Nagasaki at the time of
  the blast
• 74,000 were killed instantly
• 75,000 sustained severe injuries

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Nagasaki after the blast
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Nagasaki after the blast
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Nagasaki after the blast
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Nagasaki after the blast
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Bikini Island Test

• No one was living on the Bikini atoll at the time
  of the BRAVO blast. However, a total of 236
  people were living on the atolls of Rongelap and
  Utirik, 100 and 300 miles east of Bikini,
  respectively. The residents of Rongelap were
  exposed to as much as 200 rems of radiation. They
  were evacuated 24 hours after the detonation. The
  residents of Utirik, which were exposed to lower
  levels of radiation, were not evacuated until at
  least two days later. After their evacuation,
  many experienced typical symptoms of radiation
  poisoning burning of the mouth and eyes, nausea,
  diarrhea, loss of hair, and skin burns.
• Ten years after the blast the first thyroid
  tumors began to appear. Of those under twelve on
  Rongelap at the time of BRAVO, 90 have developed
  thyroid tumors. In 1964, the U. S. Government
  admitted responsibility for exposing the
  islanders to radiation and appropriated funds to
  compensate them.