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Holocaust, Nuclear Weapons, Costs of War

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After Treaty of Versailles. Hitler blamed Jews for the economic problems ... Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, Communists, homosexuals, and people with various disabilities ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Holocaust, Nuclear Weapons, Costs of War


1
Holocaust, Nuclear Weapons, Costs of War
  • Consequences of World War II

2
Mein Kampf
  • After Treaty of Versailles
  • Hitler blamed Jews for the economic problems in
    Germany Mein Kampf
  • Saw Jews as parasites

3
The Nuremburg Laws
  • 1935 Passage of Nuremburg Laws
  • Protection of German Blood and Honor
  • Citizenship Laws
  • Prevented Jews from certain jobs, education, and
    property rights
  • Forced Jews to wear yellow stars and carry
    identification cards
  • Violence begins in 1938

4
German Expansion
  • As the Germans expanded east, they captured or
    killed Jews in the nations they invaded
  • First put them in holding areas (ghettos)
  • Walled off communities with poor conditions
  • Forced them to work in nearby fields, mines, and
    factories
  • Later transported the Jews to concentration camps
  • Concentration camps found in areas like Germany
    and Poland

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Concentration Camps
  • Used to confine Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, Communists,
    homosexuals, and people with various
    disabilities
  • Germans used prisoners as forced laborers
  • In some camps most were murdered death camps
  • Up to 11 million died murder, starvation,
    disease
  • Over 6 million were Jewish
  • Gas Chambers were used to kill
  • Ovens were used to destroy the bodies

7
Avoiding the Holocaust
  • Many Jews escaped Nazi-controlled areas and
    immigrated to other nations
  • Many went to Palestine (Israel)
  • Others fled into Allied nations

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Nuclear Weapons
  • (Aka. Weapons of Mass Destruction)
  • Japan refused to surrender in 1945
  • American forces feared that an invasion of Japan
    would lead to 500,000 plus deaths of American
    personnel
  • To save lives, Pres. Truman ordered the use of
    nuclear weapons
  • Hoped that bombs would break Japanese resistance
    to surrender

13
Manhattan Project
  • With approval from Canada and Great Britain, the
    U.S. began developing nuclear weapons
  • Tested in New Mexico

14
Choice of Targets
  • Wanted to target a military base
  • But fearing a miscalculation- wanted to hit an
    urban center that would kill civilians and
    affect Japan in a psychological way
  • Hiroshima military and industrial center
  • Nagasaki sea port and industrial center

15
Hiroshima
  • Enola Gay B 29 bomber on 8/6/45 dropped the
    atomic bomb over the city of Hiroshima
  • Killed 80,000 immediately
  • Blast area (one-half mile diameter) was vaporized
  • One mile range buildings were destroyed and 90
    of all living creatures were killed
  • By the end of 1945 140,000 people have died
    due to the bomb

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Nagasaki
  • 8/9/45
  • 80,000 deaths

20
Radiation
  • Radiation causes sickness and alters the
    chemical make-up of plants and animals
  • Makes the ground sterile unable to support life
  • After the war, thousands more died due to
    radiation

21
Japanese Surrender
  • Japanese officials surrendered 6 days after
    Nagasaki
  • August 15, 1945

22
Long Term Effects of the Nuclear Weapons
  • The Soviet Union started to develop their own
    weapons of mass destruction
  • To protect themselves from others?
  • To use to expand their power?
  • Tested their first atomic bomb in 1949
  • 1952 U.S. tested a hydrogen bomb
  • More powerful than an atomic bomb
  • 1953 Soviets did the same
  • Arms race had begun

23
Long Term Effects of the Nuclear Weapons
  • Nuclear weapons have been tested on over 2000
    occasions
  • U.S., Soviet Union, United Kingdom, France,
    China, India, Pakistan, North Korea
  • U.S. is accusing Iran for developing nuclear
    capabilities today

24
Atomic v Hydrogen
  • Atomic bombs produces explosive energy using
    fission reactions
  • Hydrogen bombs produce more energy using
    fusion reactions

25
Costs of War
  • Most costly war for human lives in history
  • Cannot fully determine causalities
  • Estimate 30 million persons killed
  • Economic Costs
  • Estimate 1 trillion overall
  • U.S. Costs 341 billion
  • Items were stolen and destroyed by both sides of
    the war

26
Costs of War
  • Refugees
  • Many Europeans who lost their homes or faced
    poverty due to the war found new homes in places
    like the U.S., Canada, and Australia

27
Reflection of Major WWII Battles
28
Battle of Britain (1940-1941)
  • After France is lost to Nazi control, Hitler
    began bombing raids over Great Britain
  • Hitler offered to negotiate a peace agreement
  • Winston Churchill turned him down
  • Hitler then ordered his air force to attack
    military targets and later focused on attacking
    British railroads and civilian industrial
    targets
  • Continuously bombed London for two months

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Battle of Britain (1940-1941)
  • The British Royal Air Force (RAF) was
    outnumbered by the Germans
  • But had superior training and radar (newest
    electronic tracking device that prevented
    surprise attacks)
  • By the middle of 1941, the RAF secured the
    English Channel
  • Many allied air forces came to help

32
Normandy D-Day (1944)
  • Due to the invasion of Italy and Germanys focus
    of the Soviet Union, the Allied Powers decided
    to open up a second front
  • Operation Overlord invasion of northwest
    France (June August)
  • British, American, and Canadian forces
  • Troops landing on the beaches while aircrafts
    tried to broke down German defenses
  • By August, Allied forces regained France

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Battle of the Bulge - Belgium
  • Largest battle in western Europe the largest
    ever fought by the U.S. Army
  • 10 day battle German aggressive counter-attack
  • 600,000 American soldiers fought
  • 80,000 were killed, wounded, or captured
  • 100,000 German losses
  • Nazi leaders realizing that the war was lost

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Battle of Iwo Jima
  • February March 1945
  • First American attack on Japanese home islands
  • Mission to capture Japanese airfields
  • Island was heavily fortified with bunkers,
    artillery, and tunnels
  • 20,000 out of 21,000 Japanese soldiers lost their
    lives

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Battle of Okinawa
  • April June 1945
  • 1,300 allied warships and 180,000 allied troops
  • 2,000 Kamikaze Japanese attacks against these
    ships
  • 100,000 Japanese defenders pledged to fight to
    the death
  • Suicidal banzai charges to kill as many
    soldiers before dying themselves
  • Nearly 50,000 American casualties
  • Most costly battle in the Pacific

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