Citations and Works Cited

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Citations and Works Cited

• Why do we have to do this?

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• According to the MLA Handbook for Writers of
  Research Papers nearly all research builds on
  previous research. Researchers commonly begin a
  project by studying past work in the area and
  deriving relevant information from their
  predecessors (142).

• It is important that writers give credit to their
  sources. Think of it this way If you spent hours
  writing an essay, would you want someone to steal
  those words that you slaved over? It is unfair to
  use someone elses work and not give him credit
  for it.

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If you need another scenario, here goes It is
the ninth inning of the last baseball game of the
season. The bases are loaded, but when you step
up to the plate there are already two outs. You
miraculously hit a grand slam and win the game
for your team. Your team has made it to the
playoffs. You are a hero!
The next day you are still invigorated from the
win. You grab the newspaper and see that the game
made the front page! When you read the article
you see that the reporter did not mention your
name once. Instead, she reported that Joe Schmo
hit the game winning grand slam. Joe was actually
the player that struck out right before you went
up to bat. NO ONE WILL EVER KNOW THAT YOU WERE
THE HERO! SOMEONE ELSE TOOK THE CREDIT FOR YOUR
SUCCESS! Unfair, right?
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Okay, now that we have established the fact that
we MUST give credit where credit is due, how do
we do that and exactly what do we need to cite?

• You MUST cite
• All direct quotations
• All paraphrases (or summaries in your own words)
• All references to points of view peculiar to an
  author

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Parenthetical Citations

• Parenthetical citations are used throughout your
  research paper and refer to the information on
  your works cited page
• They differ slightly depending on whether or not
  you are paraphrasing or directly citing
  information
• For exact quotes, put the citation directly the
  quote, even if the sentence continues
• For paraphrased information, put the citation at
  the end of the documented material

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Direct quote
So you are determined, son of Laertes, favourite
of Zeus, ingenious Odysseus, to leave at once for
home and your beloved Ithaca. Even so I wish you
happiness (Homer 76) signifies that although
Calypso is disappointed with Odysseus desire to
leave, she still wishes him the best.
Parenthetical citation Calypso tells Odysseus
that she recognizes his determination to reach
his home and wishes him the best (Homer 76).
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Your turn. Paraphrase the following quote and use
the appropriate parenthetical citation
Her words delighted the much-enduring Odysseus,
who was happy to find a real friend in the arena
and now address the Phaeacians with a lighter
heart (Homer 112).
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Something like this would be acceptable
Odysseus, who had suffered greatly in recent
years, was encouraged by the kind words of this
true comrade (Homer 112).
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• If you use the authors name in the sentence, you
  do not need to use it again in your citation. You
  only need to cite the page number. For example
• According to Homer, Calypso tells Odysseus that
  she recognizes his determination to reach his
  home and wishes him the best (76).

• If there are two authors you need to list both in
  your citation.
• These textbooks were as important as the New
  England Primer was in the 1700s (Sullivan and
  Weber 23).
• For additional rules, reference your research
  manual.

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Internet Citations

• Internet citations generally follow the same
  rules as print citations. Unfortunately, it is
  often difficult to find complete citation
  information on many websites.
• If you can find all of the information, you
  should provide it as such
• Authors name
• Title of the document
• Information about print publication if
  applicable (name of publication and date of
  article)
• Information about electronic publication (title
  of the website)
• Access information (web address and date of
  access)

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Tips for locating citation information on the
internet

• Most web pages do not have pages numbers, so omit
  that portion of the citation

• Depending on the web browser and website you use,
  you may be able to get information by
  right-clicking your mouse and selecting either
  page source or view source

Lets see what we can find when we do this
John F. Kennedy biographical information
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Sample Internet Citation
Jack was not a very healthy baby and on his
notecard Rose also recorded the childhood
diseases he suffered from whooping cough,
measles, chicken pox (Weidman and Shea).
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Information for Works Cited

• Weidman, Lisa Menéndez and Ellen Shea. A
  Biography of John F. Kennedy The 35th President
  of the United States. 12 Feb. 2001. John F.
  Kennedy Library and Museum. lthttp//www.jfklibrary
  .org/jfk_biography.htmlgt

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Unfortunately, not all websites are created
equally. Sometimes you will need to go digging
for information http//www.whitehouse.gov/histor
y/presidents/ug18.html Even then you may not
find all of the information you need. If that is
the case, provide as much information as you can.
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Works Cited Page

• A Works Cited page is an alphabetical listing of
  ALL works cited throughout the research paper

• Physical appearance
• 12 point Times New Roman font
• Double-spaced
• 1 margins all around the page
• Heading is centered

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Works Cited

• Homer. The Odyssey. London Penguin, 1991.
• Ulysses S. Grant. The White House.com. 12 March
  2007. 17 March 2008. lthttp//www.whitehouse.gov/hi
  story/presidents/ug18.htmlgt
• Weidman, Lisa Menéndez and Ellen Shea. A
  Biography of John F. Kennedy The 35th President
  of the United States. 12 Feb. 2001. John F.
  Kennedy Library and Museum. lthttp//www.jfklibrary
  .org/Historical Resources/BiographiesandProfile
  s/Biographies/JohnF.KennedyThe35thPresidento
  ftheUnitedStates.htmgt.