Hazard Communication

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Hazard Communication Chemical AwarenessSAFETY
TRAINING
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CLASS OBJECTIVES

• Understand
• Applicable codes, regulations, and
  policies/procedures
• Hazard classifications of process chemicals
• Rules for storing, handling, and transporting
  process chemicals and
• The emergency procedures required for chemical
  incidents.

HAZCOM Chemical Awareness
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CLASS WILL INCLUDE

• Hazard Communication Program Overview
• Why chemical awareness is important
• Basic toxicology refresher
• Types of chemicals and their hazards
• How to determine if a hazard is present
• Control measures and
• Emergency procedures.

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• Applicable Rules and Regulations
• OAR 437-002-1910.1200, Hazard Communication
• Fire and Building Codes

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Hazard Communication Program

• Required By Or-OSHA
• Hazard Communication Program
• Employee Right to Know
• Hazard Determination
• Written Program
• Hazardous Material Labeling
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
• Hazardous Materials Inventory
• Copy of HazCom Program available from
• Safety Dept. or Document Control

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Hazard Communication

• Basic Definition
• Employees have the right to information on EVERY
  chemical or hazard in their work area.

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WHY IS PROPER CHEMICAL HANDLING IMPORTANT??
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Basic Toxicology How can a hazardous material
causes injury to a person

• Type of hazard
• Physical- injury to body
• Health- damage physiological tissue
• Routes of exposure
• Inhalation --Ingestion
• Dermal exposure --Injection
• Types of exposure
• Acute -- Sensitizer -- Chronic
• Dose-Response

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Gaussian Distribution
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Dose-Response Relationship

• There is a positive relationship between dose and
  response
• As dose increases so does the magnitude of the
  effect and/or the fraction of individuals that
  respond
• Dose is the primary determinant of toxcity

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Two Types of Response

• Quantal Response (all or none)
• Mortality
• Necrosis
• Graded Response (continuous)
• Irritation
• Enzyme activity
• Body Weight
• Consumption

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Dose Response Curve
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TLV and PEL

• Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
• Established by OSHA
• Threshold Limit Value (TLV)
• Established by ACGIH

The average person can be exposed repeatedly
without experiencing adverse health effects.
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Chemical Procurement Procedure

• In Fabs Prior to purchasing or bringing chemicals
  on-site, THEY MUST BE APPROVED!!
• People involved?
• Engineering-process and equipment
• Management
• Users
• You?

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Categories of Process Chemicals

• Primary categories
• Corrosives
• Acids
• Bases
• Flammable/combustible
• Oxidizers
• Toxic
• Cryogen

NOTE Some process chemicals fall in several
hazard categories.
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Corrosives

• Will corrode materials that they contact.
• Metals are corroded
• Tissue is destroyed
• Produces a chemical burn and other signs (pain,
  discoloration).
• Will cause respiratory irritation and eye damage.

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Corrosives Are Divided Into Two Groups -- Acids
and Bases

• Acids -- pH less than 7
• Bases (caustics) -- pH greater than 7
• pH is a means to display how much the acid or
  base dissociates in water

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Common Corrosives in the Industry

• ACIDS
• Sulfuric acid
• Nitric acid
• Hydrochloric acid
• Phosphoric acid
• Hydrofluoric acid and mixtures

• BASES (caustic)
• Potassium hydroxide
• Ammonium hydroxide
• Developer

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Corrosives will have an immediate reaction EXCEPT
HYDROFLUORIC ACID- will have a delayed burn (2-6
hours) will attack the bone.
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Measuring pH

• pH will tell you if the chemical is acidic or
  basic (caustic)
• pH will tell you if a chemical is a weak or
  strong acid, weak or strong base.
• Stronger acids and bases are more corrosive
• pH is measured with pH paper (litmus paper)

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NEVER MIX ACIDS AND CAUSTICS!! ?
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Oxidizers

• Initiates or promotes combustion in other
  materials, there by causing fire either of itself
  or through the release of oxygen of other gases.
• Never store of mix with solvents or other
  flammables.
• Types of Oxidizers include
• Hydrogen Peroxide
• Nitric Acid
• Bleach
• Process gases

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Flammables and Combustibles

• Flammables - materials that will readily burn or
  sustain burning.
• Combustible - materials that must be heated
  before they will ignite and sustain burning.
• The term solvent may be used
• to refer to a chemical that is
• flammable or combustible, this
• may not always be true.

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Solvents

• Will dissolve other material without undergoing a
  chemical reaction.
• Inhalation may cause dizziness, headache, nausea.
• Will dry out skin.
• May be absorbed through the skin.
• Flammables/Solvents used at PCC
• Acetone -- Isopropyl Alcohol
• Photoresist
• Marking Inks
• Paints Mineral spirits

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Toxic/Poisons Materials

• Substances considered a poison when a very small
  quantity is harmful.
• Poisons may
• Injure a target organ -- Cause Cancer
• Reproductive toxin -- Anesthetic
• Asphyxiant
• Poisons
• Arsine, and Carbon Monoxide

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Cryogenic Materials

• Has a normal boiling point below -238F (VERY
  COLD)
• Both the liquid and its boil-off vapor can
  rapidly freeze human tissue and can cause many
  materials to become brittle.
• Can cause frost-bite on skin and exposed eye
  tissue.
• Never touch un-insulated pipes or vessels with
  your bare skin.
• Cryogen's
• Helium, Nitrogen, Argon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

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HOW CAN YOU TELL IF A CHEMICAL MIGHT BE A
HAZARD???
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RESOURCES

• Material Safety Data Sheets
• Labels
• Safety Department

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Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

• MSDS
• Detailed information on specific chemicals
• Provided by the chemical manufacturer
• Available to employees and contractors
• Location
• Safety Dept.

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Hazard Material Labeling

• Manufacturers Label Must Include
• Primary
• - manufacturers name and address
• - trade name of product
• - hazard warning
• -must include target organ
• Secondary Label
• - name of substance
• - hazard warning

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HazCom - Labels NFPA
NFPA Label Has four function diamond which
indicates health, fire, reactivity and specific
hazard by numerically rating the degree of
hazard on a scale of 0-4.
FIRE HAZARD
4 - Flash point below 73 degrees F 3 - Flash
point below 100 degrees F 2 - Flash point below
200 degrees F 1 - Flash point above 200 degrees
F 0 - Will not burn
HEALTH HAZARD
REACTIVITY 4 - May detonate 3 - Shock and heat
may detonate 3 - Violent chemical change 1 -
Unstable if heated 0 - Stable

4 - DEADLY 3 - Extreme danger 2 - Hazardous 1 -
Slightly hazardous
SPECIFIC HAZARD (WHITE)
Oxidizer OXY Acid
ACID Alkali ALK Corrosive
COR Use no water -W-
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MSDS- Required Info.

• Chemical Identity
• Chemical common name and ingredients
• Physical hazards
• Health hazards
• Primary routes of entry
• OSHA PELs and ACGIH TLV
• Toxicity information- carcinogens
• Emergency and first aid procedures
• Company information

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Material Safety Data Sheet Exercise
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MSDS Exercise

• Locate two MSDS on the internet for two hazardous
  chemicals
• Make a copy of each.
• Type-cut/paste the hazards of the chemicals onto
  a separate sheet
• Upon completion, turn exercise in with your quiz.

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ODORS, ODORS, ODORS...

• Almost all chemicals have an odor threshold which
  is the lowest concentration at which the chemical
  may be detected.
• THIS IS NOT an accurate way to determine if there
  is hazard!!

For Example
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Hazardous Materials General Control Measures

• Substitution
• using lesser toxic materials for more toxic ones
• Engineering Controls
• dilution ventilation
• laboratory fume hoods
• gas cabinets
• Administrative Controls
• chemical safety handling procedures
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• respirators, gloves, safety glasses
• Alarm Systems
• fire alarm system
• toxic gas alarm system

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• When handling chemicals, you must wear (at a
  minimum)
• Chemical Splash Apron
• Safety Face Shield
• Chemical-Resistant Gloves
• Corrosive gloves - orange
• Solvent gloves - white
• Safety Goggles / Glasses

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Aprons
• Aprons provide more chemical protection.
• Gloves
• Leak check prior to use look for holes and
  cracks.
• Turn down cuffs one inch
• Wash and dry before removal
• Do not touch other surfaces while on hands
• Do not write on gloves, could effect permeation
  rate of the material.
• ONLY USE ONCE!!!

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SAFE HANDLING PROCEDURES

• Labeling
• Always read the label
• Do not rely on cap color, bottle color or shape
  and
• All containers must be labeled (including water).

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SAFE HANDLING PROCEDURES

• Safety Equipment
• Always check safety equipment before use.
• Use required safety equipment.
• Know the location of nearest eyewash/shower.

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SAFE HANDLING PROCEDURES

• Handling and Storage
• Use a bottle carrier or cart
• Support bottles by the bottom and neck
• Never mix or store incompatible chemicals
• Pour or mix chemicals in a fume hood or properly
  ventilated area
• Always wash before eating, drinking or smoking

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ASK IF YOU ARE UNSURE OR HAVE QUESTIONS OR
CONCERNS??????
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If you contact chemical

• FLUSH IMMEDIATELY with water.
• Use the nearest shower/eyewash.
• Flush for 15-20 minutes.
• Remove contaminated clothing.
• Call for assistance.
• On Campus 4444

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If you inhale chemical

• MOVE IMMEDIATELY to fresh air.
• Call for assistance. 911 or 4444
• Stay on the line until told to hang up.

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What should you do if you see a puddle on the
floor?
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In case of a chemical spill

• Assume that it is hazardous.
• Notify ERT and/or your teacher/supervisor.
• Evacuate the immediate area if necessary.
• Clean up ONLY IF you are trained to do so.

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Review

• Discussed hazard categories of the liquid process
  chemicals.
• Discussed proper procedures for storing,
  transporting and handling chemicals.
• Discussed emergency procedures.

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QUIZ TIME