70291: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Network, Enhanced Chapter 2: Configuri - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 52
About This Presentation
Title:

70291: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Network, Enhanced Chapter 2: Configuri

Description:

70-291: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Network, Enhanced ... ICANN has the overall authority over IP address assignments ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:147
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 53
Provided by: psk2
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: 70291: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Network, Enhanced Chapter 2: Configuri


1
70-291 MCSE Guide to Managing a
Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Network, Enhanced
Chapter 2 Configuring Network Protocols
2
Objectives
  • Understand TCP/IP addressing
  • Define TCP/IP parameters
  • Configure TCP/IP parameters
  • Work with TCP/IP networks
  • Understand the process of subnetting a TCP/IP
    network
  • Supernet several smaller networks
  • Configure other network protocols
  • Use bindings to optimize network connectivity

3
Overview of TCP/IP
  • Most commonly used network protocol today
  • Has wide vendor support
  • Open protocol
  • Provides access to the Internet
  • Windows has been designed so that many of its
    features require TCP/IP

4
Activity 2-1 Repairing a Network Connection
  • Objective Repair a connection that has a corrupt
    TCP/IP configuration
  • Right click on your Local Area Connection
  • Choose the repair option

5
Defining TCP/IP Parameters
  • To participate on a TCP/IP network, your computer
    must have a valid Internet Protocol (IP) address
    and subnet mask
  • Optionally, you may configure gateway, DNS, or
    WINS information

6
IP Addresses
  • An IP address
  • Unique number assigned to the computer that
    identifies itself on the network
  • Unicast involves directed communication between
    two single computers using TCP/IP
  • Consists of four octets
  • Composed of network and host IDs
  • Only computers with the same network ID can
    communicate without the assistance of a router

7
IP Addresses (continued)
  • ICANN has the overall authority over IP address
    assignments
  • If the network is not connected to the Internet,
    the choice of IP address is entirely up to the
    network administrator

8
Subnet Masks
  • Subnet masks are used to define which part of an
    IP address is the host ID and which part is the
    network ID
  • Like an IP address, it is composed of four octets
  • The simplest subnet masks use only the values 0
    and 255

9
Subnet Masks (continued)
  • A computer uses the subnet mask and IP address to
    determine its network ID
  • In order to communicate, two machines must be on
    the same network
  • Before sending a packet over the network, the
    computer will check to see if the destination
    address is on the same network

10
Default Gateway
  • Another term for a router
  • If a computer does not know how to deliver a
    packet, it sends the packet to the default
    gateway
  • A router may be a dedicated hardware device or a
    computer with multiple network cards
  • The router must be on the same network as the
    computer sending the packet

11
DNS
  • Essential to a Windows Server 2003 network
  • Resolves host names to IP addresses
  • Used to find domain controllers
  • Used to find Internet resources such as Web
    servers or e-mail servers
  • Domain names must conform to a hierarchical
    naming scheme called DNS namespace of BIND

12
DNS (continued)
13
WINS
  • NetBIOS name resolution is best achieved through
    the use of a WINS server
  • NetBIOS names that are resolved successfully on a
    WINS server are stored in a NetBIOS name cache on
    the local computer to speed up future resolution

14
Configuring TCP/IP Parameters
  • A static IP configuration is one in which the IP
    address of the machine is specified manually by
    the administrator
  • DHCP performs the task of assigning IP addresses
    to machines automatically
  • The network 169.254.0.0 is reserved for Automatic
    Private Addressing
  • An address in the above range is generated if a
    DHCP server cannot be reached
  • An address in the above range is not routable

15
Activity 2-2 Configure TCP/IP Parameters
  • Objective View current IP address settings on a
    computer
  • In the network connections area under the control
    panel, right-click on Local Area Connection and
    select properties
  • Select the properties of the TCP/IP option
  • Enter appropriate information as dictated by the
    text

16
Activity 2-3 Using IPCONFIG to View IP
Configuration
  • Objective View current IP settings using the
    IPCONFIG utility
  • Open a command prompt and execute the command
    ipconfig /all

17
Activity 2-4 Test APIPA
  • Objective Test the APIPA functionality in
    Windows Server 2003
  • Set the machine to determine an IP address
    automatically
  • Ensure that the machine will be incapable of
    finding a DHCP server
  • Check the IP address of the machine using the
    IPCONFIG utility

18
Activity 2-5 Alternative IP Configuration
  • Objective Configure alternative IP address
    information to be used when a DHCP is unavailable
  • Make sure the computer will be unable to contact
    a DHCP server
  • Use the alternative configuration capability of
    Windows to specify the settings outlined in the
    text

19
Working with TCP/IP Networks
  • Before working with TCP/IP networks, one must
    have a basic knowledge of
  • IP address classes
  • Classless inter-domain routing
  • Reserved addresses

20
IP Address Classes
  • IP addresses are divided into classes
  • This class defines the default subnet mask of the
    device using the address
  • All classes can be identified using the first
    octet of the IP address
  • The classes are denoted A through E

21
IP Address Classes (continued)
22
IP Address Classes (continued)
  • Class A has only 127 potential networks but
    16,777,214 potential hosts
  • Class B provides for 16,384 networks and 65,534
    hosts
  • Class C provides for 2,097,152 networks and 254
    hosts
  • Class D IP addresses cannot be assigned to
    computers and are used for multicasting
  • Class E IP addresses are not used and considered
    experimental

23
Classless Inter-domain Routing
  • At one time, IP address classes were used by
    routers on the Internet to move packets
  • To improve efficiency, classless inter-domain
    routing was adopted
  • Does not use the default subnet masks for routing
  • Subnet masks must be defined for each network

24
Reserved Addresses
  • A number of IP addresses and networks are
    reserved for special purposes
  • A local broadcast uses the IP address
    255.255.255.255
  • A directed broadcast uses the IP address obtained
    through the destination network ID and all host
    ID bits set to 1
  • Any IP address with the first octet set to 127
    cannot be assigned to a host
  • These addresses are called loopback addresses

25
Subnetting TCP/IP Networks
  • Subnetting involves separating a larger network
    into smaller networks to increase efficiency
  • Reduces collisions
  • Limits broadcasts
  • Controls traffic
  • A router is required to move packets between
    subnets

26
Reducing Collisions
  • A collision occurs when two computers attempt to
    transmit data at the same time
  • Subnetting reduces the number of hosts on a
    network
  • Therefore reduces the amount of traffic on that
    network

27
Limiting Broadcasts
  • Broadcast messages are generated by such services
    as NetBIOS name resolution, router communication,
    and service advertisements
  • A packet that is broadcasted is read and
    processed by every computer on the network
  • Subnetting reduces the number of hosts on each
    network
  • Results in fewer broadcasts for each network

28
Controlling Traffic
  • Introducing routers over a network gives you more
    control over network traffic
  • Most routers have the ability to control which
    packets are forwarded
  • IP addresses are represented in dotted decimal
    format but are handled by computers in binary
    format
  • Subnetting is based on binary numbers

29
Conversion between Binary and Decimal
  • Binary digits are always one or zero
  • Each octet in an IP address is converted to
    binary by the machine
  • Windows calculator will perform the conversion
    between binary and decimal for you
  • The conversion process simply involves changing
    the number system between base 10 and base 2

30
Activity 2-6 Converting Binary Numbers to
Decimal Using Windows Calculator
  • Objective Use Windows calculator to convert
    between decimal and binary
  • Complete the tables

31
Working with Binary IP Addresses and Subnet Masks
  • Subnet masks are represented in the dotted
    decimal format but handled in binary by computers
  • 1 in the subnet mask indicates that the
    corresponding bit in the IP address is part of
    the network ID
  • 0 in the subnet mask indicates that the
    corresponding bit in the IP address is part of
    the host ID
  • ANDing
  • Process used to separate network and host IDs
    from an IP address

32
Activity 2-7 ANDing
  • Objective Find the network ID given a subnet
    mask and IP address
  • Use ANDing to determine the network ID and
    complete the table provided in the text

33
Creating Subnets
  • To subnet a network, take some bits from the host
    ID and give them to the network ID
  • For simplicity, bits are taken from host ID in
    groups of eight
  • A class B address is very large and typically
    needs to be subnetted
  • Complex subnetting involves taking less than a
    full octet from the host ID
  • The number of subnets can be calculated with the
    formula 2n-2 where n is the number of bits to
    remove from the host ID

34
Activity 2-8 Complex Subnetting
  • Objective Subnet a large network into ten
    smaller networks
  • Divide the network 172.20.0.0 into ten smaller
    networks using the least amount of bits necessary
  • Complete the table provided

35
Activity 2-9 Finding Valid Hosts
  • Objective Calculate the number of valid hosts on
    a subnet
  • Using three subnets from Activity 2-8, find the
    first host, last host, and broadcast address for
    each subnet
  • Complete the table provided

36
Supernetting TCP/IP Networks
  • Supernetting is the opposite of subnetting
  • Used to create a larger network from multiple
    smaller ones
  • Takes bits from the network ID and gives them to
    the host ID
  • All networks being combined must be contiguous

37
Reasons for Supernetting
  • Supernetting is used when a range of IP addresses
    larger than a class C network is required but a
    full class B network is not required
  • May also be done to decrease routing complexity
    by replacing multiple networks with routers into
    a supernetted network with switches

38
Configuring Other Protocols
  • IPX/SPX
  • NWLink
  • Appletalk
  • Data Link Control
  • NetBEUI

39
IPX/SPX
  • The most common protocol in use for LANs in the
    late 1980s and early 1990s
  • Less common now that TCP/IP was introduced
  • Movement away from IPX/SPX was due to the gaining
    popularity of the Internet
  • NetWare, a popular network operating system at
    the time, required this protocol

40
IPX/SPX (continued)
  • IPX/SPX uses Service Advertising Protocol to
    locate services
  • Packets consist of a network and computer ID
  • Network ID is an 8-character hex number and the
    computer ID is a 12-character hex number
  • No subnet masks are necessary (fixed lengths)
  • Configure Server 2003 with an internal network
    address other than basic file and print services

41
IPX/SPX (continued)
  • Has multiple frame types
  • A frame is a fully assembled packet just before
    being placed on a network
  • Computers configured with different frame types
    cannot communicate
  • The ipxroute config command will tell you the
    current IPX configuration

42
Activity 2-10 Installing NWLink
  • Objective Install the NWLink protocol
  • Go to the local area connection properties and
    install the protocol

43
Activity 2-11 Configuring NWLink
  • Objective Configure NWLink to use a specific
    frame type, IPX network address, and internal
    network number
  • After completing the configuration, use ipxroute
    config to ensure that your configuration settings
    are configured according to the instructions
    provided in the text

44
AppleTalk
  • This protocol is used to provide connectivity for
    Macintosh computers
  • Windows Server 2003 can emulate a Macintosh file
    or print server
  • There is no need to install the protocol if
    Macintosh computers are not connected on the
    network
  • AppleTalk is routable and can be used on larger
    networks

45
Activity 2-12 Installing AppleTalk
  • Objective Install the AppleTalk protocol
  • Install the protocol as you would any other
    protocol

46
Obsolete Protocols
  • Several protocols were available in older
    versions of Windows and are not available in
    Windows Server 2003
  • Data Link Control is a nonroutable protocol that
    was used to connect mainframe computers
  • NetBEUI was one of the most popular protocols for
    early Windows networks
  • Fast
  • Nonroutable
  • Can be autoconfigured

47
Configuring Protocol Bindings
  • Binding is a process where a network protocol is
    configured to use a network adapter
  • Windows Server 2003 allows specifying the
    ordering in which protocols are used
  • For each adapter, you can specify which clients
    and services are bound
  • You can also specify which network protocols are
    bound to each client or service

48
Activity 2-13 Optimizing Binding Order
  • Objective Modify the binding order of protocols
    to optimize network communication
  • Use the advanced settings option in the network
    connections window

49
Activity 2-14 Removing Unnecessary Protocols
  • Objective Remove protocols that are no longer
    required
  • Use the Local Area Connection Settings Properties
    window to remove the protocols

50
Summary
  • Windows Server 2003 uses TCP/IP as its primary
    networking protocol
  • There are several ranges of IP addresses reserved
    for internal use and are not routable on the
    Internet
  • DHCP is used to automatically allocate IP
    addresses and other IP configuration information
    to clients
  • If a DHCP server cannot be contacted, then
    clients use APIPA
  • Subnetting divides a single large network into
    multiple smaller networks

51
Summary (continued)
  • Computers work with IP addresses as 32-bit
    numbers
  • A 1 is a bit that is part of the network ID. A 0
    is to a bit that is part of the host ID
  • Subnetting takes bits from the host ID and uses
    them as part of the network ID
  • The formula 2n 2, where n is the number of host
    bits, calculates the number of useable hosts
  • Supernetting combines multiple smaller networks
    into a single larger network

52
Summary (continued)
  • The IPX/SPX protocol can be used with the 32-bit
    version of Windows Server 2003 primarily used in
    networks where Novell NetWare is present
  • The AppleTalk protocol is available for Windows
    Server 2003 used for connectivity with Apple
    Macintosh computers
  • Bindings can be adjusted to optimize performance
  • Most-used protocols should be listed first
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com