Homeostasis The regulation and maintenance of an organisms internal environment within a certain ran

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Introduction

• Homeostasis - The regulation and maintenance of
  an organisms internal environment within a
  certain range optimal for performing bodily
  functions
• What happens when homeostasis is disrupted?

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What is Diabetes?

• When a person cannot regulate the amount of sugar
  in their blood
• Pancreatic beta cells
• Insulin production not sufficient
• Unable to absorb or store glucose
• Insulin must be manually monitored and maintained

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Initial Signs and Symptoms

• Fatigue
• Unexplained weight loss
• Excessive thirst
• Excessive urination
• Excessive eating
• Blurred vision
• Glucose in urine

• Poor wound healing
• Infections
• Altered mental state

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Diagnosis

• Recognition of previously mentioned signs and
  symptoms
• Oral glucose tolerance test
• Measures abilities of beta cells and insulin
• Ingest glucose solution
• Blood samples taken

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Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

• Standard patient after 2 hrs, blood glucose
  returns to normal
• Diagnosis of diabetes after 2 hrs, glucose level
  will be 200 mg per deciliter or higher

• Graph www.opt.pacificu.edu/.../Diabetes.html

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Types of Diabetes

• Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 and Type 2
• Type 2 most common
• Gestational diabetes
• Occurs during pregnancy
• Typically goes away after delivery
• Pre-Diabetes
• Most common types Mellitus 1 and 2

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Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

• Also called juvenile diabetes
• Onset during childhood or adolescence
• Self-destruction of beta cells
• Insulin is decreased
• Approximately 5 -10 of
• diabetics are Type 1
• Treatment Insulin dependent

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Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

• Usually late life onset, about age 40
• Beta cells still present
• Tissues exhibit insulin resistance
• Typically non-insulin dependent
• Treatment Controlled with weight management,
  oral medications, diet and exercise

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Treatment

• Treatment is individual per patient and type
• For all diabetics
• exercise, diet, low alcohol intake, no smoking,
  self monitored glucose levels
• For insulin dependents
• Different types of insulin
• per patient

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How Does Insulin Work?

• Blood glucose elevated
• Insulin injection
• Insulin assists cellular uptake
• Blood transports absorbed glucose to
• Liver and skeletal muscles as Glycogen
  OR
• Converted into Triglycerides

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Current Research

• FDA recently approved the use of inhaler
• Only for control of Type 1
• The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)
• Showed a 5 - 7 weight loss from exercise and
  decreased dietary fat and calories alone can
  delay and possibly prevent Type 2 diabetes

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Conclusion

• Diabetes characterized by pancreatic beta cell
  inability to secrete sufficient insulin
• Gestational, Pre-Diabetes, Type 1 and 2
• Homeostasis disrupted by abnormal blood sugar
  levels
• Body unable to restore this on own
• Insulin injections and diet restore blood sugar
  levels and homeostasis back to normal

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