Evaluation of the Total Sanitation Program in Maharashtra - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Evaluation of the Total Sanitation Program in Maharashtra

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A sub-set of communities are Randomly selected to receive ... Whether or not Mother Washes Hand After Cleaning Child's Stool. Follow-up Survey. from Ahmednagar ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Evaluation of the Total Sanitation Program in Maharashtra


1
Evaluation of the Total Sanitation Program in
Maharashtra
  • Nazmul Chaudhury

2
Total Sanitation
  • Failure of Supply-Driven Sanitation
  • Behavior that Matters not Infrastructure
  • Innovative Approach from Bangladesh
  • Diffusion of TS Approach
  • South Asia and Beyond
  • Local/International NGOs
  • Local/National Governments
  • Lots of Money

3
Randomized Evaluation Design
  • A sub-set of communities are Randomly selected to
    receive the TSP Intervention
  • Baseline survey in both Treatment and Control
    villages before any intervention
  • Try doing this with local governments

4
The Evaluation in 2 Parts
  • (1) Program Effects on Hygiene and Behavior
  • (2) Hygiene and Behavior Effects on Health
    Outcomes

5
Why Would the Program Effect Hygiene ?
  • What variables would we need to collect to answer
    this ?
  • Community Accepts the Program Effective
    Implementation, Education, Income, Social
    Cohesion, Effective Local Leadership

6
Why Should Hygiene Effect Child Health ?
  • What variables would we need to collect to answer
    this ?
  • Open Defecation, Handling of Childs Feces, Water
    Use, Soap Use, Income, Education, Genetics, Food
    Intake
  • Measures of Child Health (Diarrhea, Height)
  • Externalities is 100 necessary ?

7
Sample
  • 3 Districts
  • Ahmednagar
  • Nanded
  • Nandurbar
  • 180 Communities (60 per district)
  • 10,748 Households
  • 59,616 Individuals

8
What do we Know from the Baseline Surveys ?
  • Baseline conducted in February 2004
  • Intervention in Ahmednagar takes place in April
    2004
  • Follow-up Surveys conducted in August 2004 and
    August 2005
  • Nothing much happens in other districts

9
Treatment and Control
  • 30 communities in each district were randomly
    selected to receive the TSP campaign
  • Close Matched for the most part

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Correlates of Open Defecation
  • Toilet Ownership
  • Wealth
  • Education
  • Ethnicity
  • Exposure to Sanitation Knowledge

28
Correlates of Child Height
  • Lots of Background Variables
  • Mothers Height
  • Water Quality (River)
  • Open Defecation Not Toilet Ownership

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Correlates of Child Diarrhea
  • Mothers Weight
  • Wealth
  • Whether or not Mother Washes Hand After Cleaning
    Childs Stool

31
Follow-up Survey from Ahmednagar
  • 30 Control Villages
  • 30 Villages are Targeted for Intervention

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Growth in Child Height
  • Growth in Child Height (standardized z scores) is
    significantly higher in treatment communities
  • Before going any further we have to make sure
    what really happened .

34
ConclusionThis stuff is hard to do
  • Behavior Matters
  • Behavior is much harder to measure than
    infrastructure
  • Need to put a lot of effort on systematic
    monitoring of verifiable indicators
  • Randomization and Political Commitment
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