Ch' 34 Review Flashcards

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Ch. 3-4 Review Flashcards

• Ch. 3 The Growth of a New Nation
• Ch. 4 The Union in Peril

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Chapter 3, Section 1The Early Republic

• a tax on an imported good

• tariff

• Alexander Hamilton called for the 1st of these

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Chapter 3, Section 1The Early Republic

• western farmers who were upset about federal
  taxes openly defied the government, but lost a
  short conflict

• Whiskey Rebellion

Farmers tar-and-feather a tax collector
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Chapter 3, Section 1The Early Republic

• political party led by Alexander Hamilton and
  Thomas Jefferson that believed in preserving
  power for the states, and an economy based on
  agriculture

• Democratic Republicans

• Thomas Jefferson

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Chapter 3, Section 1The Early Republic

• political party led by John Adams that believed
  in a strong national govt., and an economy based
  on manufacturing

• Federalists

John Adams
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Chapter 3, Section 1The Early Republic

• power of the Supreme Court to declare laws passed
  by Congress unconstitutional

• judicial review

• John Marshall, the first Supreme Court
  Justice to use this power

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Chapter 3, Section 1The Early Republic

• Land bought by the U.S. from France by President
  Thomas Jefferson that doubled the size of our
  nation, and was explored by Lewis and Clark

• Louisiana Purchase

area marked in brown on map
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Chapter 3, Section 1The Early Republic

• Leader of a group of united Native American
  tribes in the Ohio River valley that fought
  against the United States with help from Great
  Britain

• Tecumseh

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Chapter 3, Section 1The Early Republic

• fought against Great Britain, it resulted in
  giving American settlers access to the lands west
  to the Mississippi River, and guaranteed our
  nations survival

• War of 1812

Andrew Jackson leads U.S. troops in the Battle
of New Orleans
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Chapter 3, Section 1The Early Republic

• This U.S. policy was a declaration by the United
  States that European powers should no longer try
  to colonize Latin America

• Monroe Doctrine

The president that this policy was named after
discusses foreign policies with advisors
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Chapter 3, Section 2Jackson and Reform

• reforms in government and an extension of
  political power to a greater number of people
  than in the past, including allowing more people
  the right to vote

• Jacksonian Democracy

Named after this president
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Chapter 3, Section 2Jackson and Reform

• a law requiring that Native American tribes east
  of the Mississippi River move to reservation land
  west of the river

• Indian Removal Act

Map shows route that tribes were moved west
13
Chapter 3, Section 2Jackson and Reform

• when thousands of people from the Cherokee tribe
  were forced to march to a reservation in Oklahoma
  thousands of miles away and one-fourth died along
  the way

• Trail of Tears

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Chapter 3, Section 2Jackson and Reform

• when a state doesnt follow laws that it believes
  are unconstitutional

• nullification

• John Calhoun used this argument to explain
  why South Carolina should not have to enforce a
  tariff law

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Chapter 3, Section 2Jackson and Reform

• this invention enabled slavery to remain
  profitable in the south, which ultimately helped
  lead to the Civil War

• cotton gin

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Chapter 3, Section 2Jackson and Reform

• former slave who escaped to the north and wrote a
  book and gave speeches against slavery

• Frederick Douglas

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Chapter 3, Section 2Jackson and Reform

• the movement to make slavery illegal

• abolition

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Chapter 3, Section 2Jackson and Reform

• former slave who returned to the south numerous
  times to help others escape slavery on a route
  known as the underground railroad

• Harriet Tubman

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Chapter 3, Section 2Jackson and Reform

• first meeting of the womens rights movement in
  which a call for equality and some basic rights
  was made

• Seneca Falls Convention

Elizabeth Cady Stanton addresses the meeting
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Chapter 3, Section 3Manifest Destiny

• He brought with him from Great Britain the plans
  for making a textile (cloth-making) mill, and
  built the nations first water-powered mill in
  Rhode Island

• Samuel Slater

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Chapter 3, Section 3Manifest Destiny

• period of time when factory machines replaced
  hand tools, and manufacturing replaced farming as
  main form of work for many people

• Industrial Revolution

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Chapter 3, Section 3Manifest Destiny

• process where machine parts are made the exact
  same size so they can be replaced easily when
  they break

• This process was tested by Eli Whitney
  (better known for the invention of the cotton
  gin) who used it to make rifle parts for the US
  government

• interchangeable parts

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Chapter 3, Section 3Manifest Destiny

• This was built to provide water access between
  the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean, by going
  through the state of New York

• Erie Canal

How it looks today
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Chapter 3, Section 3Manifest Destiny

• the belief that the United States would one day
  be spread from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean

• Manifest Destiny

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Chapter 3, Section 3Manifest Destiny

• a trade route for Americans in Missouri to go and
  trade with Mexican traders

• Santa Fe Trail

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Chapter 3, Section 3Manifest Destiny

• route taken by thousands of settlers to get
  across the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains to
  get to good farmlands in the northwest part of
  the nation

• Oregon Trail

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Chapter 3, Section 3Manifest Destiny

• though it was a loss it played a key role in
  Texas gaining its independence

• Battle of the Alamo

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Chapter 3, Section 3Manifest Destiny

• fought over a border dispute involving Texas, and
  resulted in the United States acquiring a large
  amount of Territory in the southwest

• Mexican War

territory won in this conflict
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Chapter 3, Section 3Manifest Destiny

• In which year was gold discovered in California?

• 1848
• (miners rushed there the following year and
  picked up the name 49ers)

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Chapter 4, Section 1The Nation Breaking Apart

• This plan by Congress helped temporarily solve
  the conflict between north and south when
  California applied for statehood as a free state

• Compromise of 1850

Henry Clay presents this plan to Congress
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Chapter 4, Section 1The Nation Breaking Apart

• a law that angered northerners because it allowed
  southerners to go to the north and find runaway
  slaves and return them to the south

• Fugitive Slave Act

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Chapter 4, Section 1The Nation Breaking Apart

• law to organize western territories so they could
  become future states which resulted in fighting
  between proslavery and antislavery settlers there

• Kansas-Nebraska Act

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Chapter 4, Section 1The Nation Breaking Apart

• when people are allowed to directly vote and
  decide how an issue will be handled

• popular sovereignty

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Chapter 4, Section 1The Nation Breaking Apart

• slave who was taken to free territory and later
  sued for freedom, whose Supreme Court case ruled
  that slaves couldnt be taken away from their
  owners

• Dred Scott

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Chapter 4, Section 1The Nation Breaking Apart

• Republican whose election as president caused the
  southern states to decide to leave the Union

• Abraham Lincoln

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Chapter 4, Section 1The Nation Breaking Apart

• an antislavery northerner who led an unsuccessful
  raid to take weapons which would then be used to
  help free slaves in the south

• John Brown

• on his way to be executed after his trial

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Chapter 4, Section 1The Nation Breaking Apart

• the process of a state declaring that it is no
  longer a part of the United States (as the
  Southern states did at the start of the Civil War)

• secession

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Chapter 4, Section 1The Nation Breaking Apart

• Name for the southern states that seceded from
  the U.S. following the election of Abraham Lincoln

• Confederate States of America

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Chapter 4, Section 1The Nation Breaking Apart

• leader of the Confederate States of America
  during the Civil War

• Jefferson Davis

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Chapter 4, Section 2The Civil War

• the fighting that started the Civil War as Union
  troops in a fort in the south fought against
  Confederate forces

• Fort Sumter

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Chapter 4, Section 2The Civil War

• commanding general of all Confederate forces
  during the Civil War, whose leadership allowed
  the Confederates to survive a long time

• Robert E. Lee

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Chapter 4, Section 2The Civil War

• The first battle of the Civil War between armies
  of the north and the south, which ended in a draw
  and led both sides to prepare for a long war

• Battle of Bull Run

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Chapter 4, Section 2The Civil War

• Union commanding general who helped win the war,
  and then later became a Republican president

• Ulysses S. Grant

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Chapter 4, Section 2The Civil War

• Civil War battle that was the bloodiest battle in
  all of American history

• Battle of Antietam

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Chapter 4, Section 2The Civil War

• announced that all slaves in the Confederate
  States would be free

• Emancipation Proclamation

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Chapter 4, Section 2The Civil War

• the turning point in the Civil War in which a
  Confederate attack resulted in major losses
  resulting in the inability to win the war

• Battle of Gettysburg

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Chapter 4, Section 2The Civil War

• The location where the south surrendered to the
  north ending the Civil War

• Appomattox Courthouse

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Chapter 4, Section 2The Civil War

• the ban on slavery in the U.S.

• 13th Amendment

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Chapter 4, Section 2The Civil War

• assassinated President Lincoln near the end of
  the Civil War

• John Wilkes Booth

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Chapter 4, Section 3Reconstruction

• process for readmitting former Confederate states
  back in the United States

• Reconstruction

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Chapter 4, Section 3Reconstruction

• Republican President following the Civil War who
  fought with the Radical Republicans in Congress
  and was impeached by them

• Andrew Johnson

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Chapter 4, Section 3Reconstruction

• gave African Americans citizenship

• 14th Amendment

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Chapter 4, Section 3Reconstruction

• white Northerners who went to the South after the
  Civil War to profit

• carpetbaggers

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Chapter 4, Section 3Reconstruction

• protected voting rights for African Americans

• 15th Amendment

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Chapter 4, Section 3Reconstruction

• a federal agency that set up schools and
  hospitals for African Americans and gave them
  other forms of aid following the Civil War

• Freedmens Bureau

students at one of their schools
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Chapter 4, Section 3Reconstruction

• Economic system that allowed African Americans
  freed from slavery to farm in the South by giving
  them land and supplies for a part of what they
  grew for the year

• sharecroppers

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Chapter 4, Section 3Reconstruction

• the group that used violence to prevent African
  Americans from gaining equality with whites in
  the south after the Civil War

• Ku Klux Klan

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GOOD LUCK ON YOUR TEST!