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Who Makes the News

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Decision on top stories. Decide on sources. Shape the angle ... Write headlines, captions. Illustrations. Journalists / Reporters ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Who Makes the News


1
Who Makes the News
  • Gender and Media
  • Advocacy Training Workshop
  • Amman, December 12-14, 2006

2
How Media Function
Nebojsa Radic WACC Gender and Media Advocacy
Training Workshop Amman, December 12-14, 2006
3
Media Provide Information
  • Media provide news
  • Newsworthy
  • New, unusual, different
  • Geographically close
  • Timely
  • Participation of significant people

4
Newsworthy or Not?
  • But news is also a subjective choice
  • result of conventions
  • shared believes
  • and personal preferences
  • Process full of imperfections

5
  • Every newspaper when it reaches the reader
  • is the result of a whole series of selections as
  • to what items shall be printed, how much
  • space each shall occupy, what emphasis each
  • shall have.
  • There are no objective standards here.
  • There are conventions.
  • Walter Lippmann

6
Media Educate
  • They educate, but can also perpetuate
    discrimination
  • Media are a mirror of the society
  • They also define the acceptable, they shape the
    society

7
Reflect and Shape
  • They reflect
  • Prejudices
  • Discrimination
  • Power structures
  • Gender roles presented in the media often
    reinforce prejudices

8
Media is a Message
  • Selection of news
  • Language
  • Choice of people interviewed
  • Rang of importance of news
  • Selection of images
  • They all send a message

9
  • The media do not merely represent they also
  • recreate themselves and their vision of the
  • world as desirable, salable. What they
  • reproduce is chosen, not random, not neutral,
  • not without consequence.
  • Patricia J. Williams

10
Media Entertain
  • Music
  • Movies
  • Soap operas
  • Entertainment programs further shape the society
  • Acceptable language
  • Behavior
  • Culture

11
Guiding Principles
  • Media strive to provide timely, credible and
    reliable information
  • To be watchdog, to provide for accountability
    of government
  • Principles
  • Accuracy
  • Fairness, balanced representation
  • Diversity

12
Bottom Line
  • Information market
  • Market economy rules
  • Cater to the consumer
  • Competition - Bottom line
  • Ratings / circulation / advertising
  • Example Hungarian Public TV

13
Media Influence
  • Shape public opinion and attitudes
  • Determine public discourse
  • Shape political, cultural, economic priorities
  • Influence public policy through news agenda
  • Reinforce or challenge stereotypes and norms
  • Can be catalyst for social change

14
Who is Who in the Media?
  • Board/Governance structures
  • Media managers
  • Editors
  • Sub-editors
  • Reporters
  • Admin staff

15
Board/Governance
  • Highest governing structure
  • Often non-media influential people
  • Media owners and managers represented
  • Appoint, control managers, approve policies and
    financial reports
  • Interest Compliance, protect shareholders

16
Media Managers
  • Decision makers
  • Editorial and non-editorial
  • Vision, direction
  • Management issues
  • They can implement new policies
  • Often not involved day-to-day in editorial

17
Editors
  • Gatekeepers, decision makers
  • Assign news and stories to reporters
  • Decision on top stories
  • Decide on sources
  • Shape the angle
  • Key role in development of guidelines, codes and
    policies

18
Sub-editors
  • Facts, spelling, grammar
  • Style guidelines
  • Length (space/time)
  • Decision on selection
  • Write headlines, captions
  • Illustrations

19
Journalists / Reporters
  • Filling in the papers and broadcasts
  • Gather the news
  • Can provide their angle and interpretation
  • But they are not the final decision makers
  • Their stories can be refused or reshaped

20
Other Players
  • Corporate owners
  • Advertisers and business groups
  • Government / political power
  • Lobbying groups
  • Foreign owners
  • Transnational media corporations
  • Professional associations

21
Media Regulation
  • National broadcasting authority (legislation)
  • Industry broadcast standards councils
  • Advertising standards authority
  • Codes of conducts industry, associations,
    individual outlets
  • Stylebooks
  • NGOs, media watchdogs
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