Training

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SYNCHROPHASOR TEAM
The Strategy for Modernizing Electric Grid
Dr. Naim Logic
August 27-31, 2008
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Outline of presentation

• Synchronized Phasor Measurements
• Global positioning system (GPS)
• Global Warming
• Growing energy prices
• New energy sources needed
• Renewable energy
• Smart Grid
• R D programs
• New Generation of Engineers Needed

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Synchronized phasor measurements
GPS Time Receiver
Time, sync
60 Hz component
DFT
Frequency Rate-of- Change of Frequency Algorithm
Symmetrical Component Transformation
DFT
Voltage, Current
Frequency, dFreq/dt
Positive Sequence Phasors
Real Time Data Output
DFT
Power System
Time synchronized sampling of three phase
waveform. 12 samples/cycle (720/sec). Discrete
Fourier Transform uses 12 samples for each
phasor conversion.
Disturbance and transcient detectors, data table
storage
Trigger flags
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Phasor measurement system
Enables operators to start effective
countermeasures in time
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GPS

• 24 satellites are orbiting the earth about 12,000
  miles above us (full constellation achieved in
  1994)
• Time accuracy /-0.2 s over a wide area
• Opens up new possibilities for a secure and
  reliable operation of electric power system

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Global warming
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Growing energy prices
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New energy sources needed
Available renewable energy
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Renewable energy resources and costs

• The technical potential is a more practical
  estimate of how much could be put to human use by
  considering conversion efficiencies of the
  available technology and available land area
• The estimate of solar energy assumes that 1 of
  worlds unused land surface is used for solar
  power

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Smart grid

• Todays AC power grid was created in 1896, based
  on Nikola Tesla design from 1888.
• Development of modern microprocessors and
  satellite technology opened new ways to
  significantly improve power grid control.
• Evolutionary integration of intelligent,
  distributed, and highly-adaptive control systems
  Smart Grid.
  Examples
• Demand side management reducing power
  consumption on client side.
• Demand response interacting of generators and
  loads

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Smart grid
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Smart grid

• The earliest example of Smart grid is the one
  installed by Enel, Italy covering 27.2M
  residents, completed in 2005.
• In the US, Austin Energy is building and managing
  about 200.000 devices real-time (smart meters,
  smart thermostats, and sensors)
• In the spring of 2008., Xcel Energy announced its
  plans to build the first fully integrated Smart
  grid city in the US Boulder, CO

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Smart grid
R D Programs

• IntelliGrid
• EPRI vision of the future electric delivery
  system
• Modern Grid initiative
• DOE NETL effort to modernize electrical grid
• Grid 2030
• Vision statement for the US electrical system
• Gridwise
• DOE program focused on information technology
• Gridwise Architecture Council
• DOE program to promote interoperability
• Gridworks
• DOE program focused on reliability improvement

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New generation of engineers needed

• According to IEA, more than 16 trillion will be
  spent worldwide by 2030. in pursuit of the Smart
  grid vision
• How to meet power energy engineering education
  workforce needs?
• By straightening education and research in
  university power programs.
• Huge role of universities

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Applications
Network parameter data calculation / verification
During steady-state operation transmission lines
may be characterized by ABCD parameters and
sending-end (s) and receiving-end (r ) quantities
For any two phasor measurement sets
complex-valued A, B, C, D can be determined. Line
impedance and admittances for nominal model
are
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Applications
Frequency change tracking (islanding)
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Applications
Voltage stability
ABB solution
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Role of synchronized measurements in Power system
visibility

• By capturing the geographic variation of the
  phase angle over the region, one can identify the
  prevailing direction of power flow through the
  system

• In this Figure larger angles are shaded in yellow
  and orange, and smaller angles are shaded in blue

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Role of synchronized measurements in Power system
visibility
Combination displays
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World wide applications
Etrans Switzerland
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World wide applications
NiP Norway Interconnection Project
VIP Voltage Instability Predictor
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World wide applications
European reconnection
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World wide applications
PMU in adaptive protection
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Thank you for your time and interest