HIV AIDS Counseling

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HIV AIDS Counseling

• Counseling incorporates a process of empowerment
  for persons with HIV.
• Living with HIV does not mean living despite HIV

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Importance

• Infection is life long
• Diagnosis of HIV has enormous psychological
  pressure and anxiety that can delay constructive
  change or worsen illness
• Behavioral change can prevent acquiring HIV or
  transmitting it to others

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Introduction

• Counseling is an interpersonal interaction
  dialogue between a client and someone who is
  trained and skilled in counseling.
• It is a helping process where one explicitly and
  purposefully gives ones time ,attention and
  skills to assist a client explore their
  situation,identify and act upon solutions within
  the limitations of their given environment.

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OBJECTIVES

• 1.Provide psychosocial support to those already
  affected-may be HIVve or AIDS,
• 2.Prevent HIV infection.

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Counseling as a process

• can
• Ensure passing on correct information
• Provide support at time of crisis
• Encourage change when required
• Help the client identify immediate long term
  needs

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Counseling Can

• Propose realistic actions in different situations
  for different people
• Assist clients to accept and act on information
  on healthwell being,and
• Help client to be well informed and appreciate
  technical,social,ethical and legal implications
  of HIV testing

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WHERE?

• ANYWHERE
• Ward,clinic,blood bank,school,mandir/guruduara.

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• WHO?
• Anyone
• You,me,doctor,nurse,psychologist,LT,social
  worker,pharmacist

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Who is a Good counselor?

• Own values must not influence(open,non
  judgmental)
• Must respect culture and traditions of
  client(positive regard for client)
• Must take into account prevailing beliefs about
  ailments in general and HIV in particular(knowledg
  eable)

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GOOD COUNSELOR

• Must help clients and families to discover
  culturally acceptable ways of expressing
  emotions,anger,guilt,fear,sadness(cultura-lly
  sensitive)
• Patient and good listener
• Able to maintain confidentiality
• Objective with clarity.

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Techniques of Counseling

• Active listening/attending
• Reflection of feeling
• Questioning-open ended,not multiple choice or Y/N
  type
• Paraphrasing-repeat clients statement in your
  own words.Essence/summary of clients words.
• Interpretations

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Contents of Counseling

• Primarily to prevent reinfection
• Basic information about HIV infection,opportunisti
  c infections and means of transmission
• Specific information on risk reduction by
  changing risk behaviors(safe sex,safe syringes
  and safe motherhood)

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Contents of Counseling

• How to tell others that one is HIV positive
• Handling hostility-fear feeling about having
  HIV
• Supporting the process of anticipatory grief
• Planning continued involvement of client in self
  care

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Contents of Counseling

• Establishing a supportive network to provide
  physical and emotional care during the course of
  the disease
• Exploring the ways of taking care of survivors
• Accepting fear of death and continue to provide
  emotional support

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STAGES

• Forming rapport and gaining trust
• Defining and understanding roles ,boundaries and
  needs
• Process of ongoing,supportive counseling
• Closure or ending counseling relationship.it can
  be tapered off like we taper steroids

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Supportive Behavior of CounselorVERBAL

• EncouragesI see,Yeah,go on.
• Addresses by proper adjective,behanji,prahji etc.
• Gives needed information.
• Uses humor.
• No criticism.

• Clients language
• Repeat clients statement
• Explain clearly
• Summarises
• Respond to primary message

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Supportive Behavior of CounselorNon Verbal

• Use facial expressions
• Use occasional gestures

• Clients tone
• Look into clients eyes
• Nod occassionally

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Non supportive Behavior of CounselorVerbal

• Excess reassuring
• Straying on the topic
• Encouraging dependence
• Patronising attitude
• Directing,demanding

• Advising
• Preaching
• Blaming judging
• Cajoling
• Interrogating

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Non Supportive Behavior of counselorNon Verbal

• Using unpleasant tone of speech
• Speaking too fast or too slow
• Moving around
• Fidgeting.

• Looking away
• Keeping a distance
• Yawning
• Frowning
• Blank face

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CONCLUSIONS

• Counseling is an art and science
• Requires self knowledge,discipline and restraint
  besides knowledge of HIV
• Counselor should have a balance between warmth
  and acceptability on one hand and objectivity on
  the other.

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CONCLUSIONS

• Approaches may be different but a counselor
  should have qualities of caring,empathy,self-aware
  ness,cultural sensitivity and patience
• Counseling techniques include active
  attending,reflection of feeling,questioning,interp
  retation,con-frontation and summarizing

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CONCLUSIONS

• Counseling relationship has stages of rapport
  forming,demystifying counseling process and
  beginning the process of history taking and needs
  definition,actual work of supporting clients
  decisions,feelings and help him/her change and
  finally ending of relationship.

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thanks