Plant Propagation

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Plant Propagation

• By Johnny M. Jessup
• Agriculture Teacher/FFA Advisor

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Introduction

• What is plant propagation?
• The reproduction or increasing in number of
  plants.
• Can be done in one of two ways.
• Sexual.
• Asexual.

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Sexual or Seed Propagation
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Sexual Propagation

• The propagation or reproducing of plants from
  seeds.

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Sexual Propagation

• Pollen is transferred from the anther to the
  stigma.
• Fertilization occurs and seeds are produced.

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Parts of the Seed
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Parts of the Seed

• Seeds are made up of 3 main parts.
• Seed Coat.
• Endosperm.
• Embryonic Plant.

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Planting Seeds

• Planting depth depends on the size of the seeds.
• The larger the seed, the deeper it is planted.
• Example Petunia seeds are planted shallower than
  beans, tomatoes, or marigolds because they are
  the smallest.
• Small seeds should be watered by
  bottom soaking.

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Planting Seeds

• Seeds are directly seeded when they are planted
  in the soil where they will grow to a saleable
  size.
• Germination flats are used if they are to be
  transplanted at a later time.
• When reusing germination flats, be sure to
  sterilize
  the flats and soil.

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Germination

• Germination rate is the that sprout.
• Example 75 out of 100 75
• Rates affected by.
• Seed viability.
• Temperature.
• Moisture.
• Type of plant.
• Quality of seed.

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Germination
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Transplanting Seedlings

• Seedlings are the small plants.
• Transplant when first true leaves appear
• Held by the true leaves rather than the stems to
  prevent stem bruising which will kill the plant.

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Hardening Off

• The reducing of humidity and water to make the
  environment more like the outside.

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Advantages of Sexual Propagation

• Fast way to get many plants.
• Easy to do.
• Economical.

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Disadvantages of Sexual Propagation

• Some plants, especially hybrids, do not reproduce
  true to parents.
• Some plants are difficult to propagate from seeds.

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Asexual Propagation
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Asexual Propagation

• The use of growing parts other than seeds to
  reproduce plants.
• The types are.
• Cuttings
• Layering
• Division/Separation
• Budding
• Grafting
• Tissue Culture

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Rooting from Cuttings

• Rooting media should be about 4 inches deep.
• Best time of day to take cuttings is early
  morning because plants have more moisture.

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Rooting from Cuttings

• The three main types of cuttings are.
• Stem
• Leaf
• Root

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Stem Cuttings

• The taking of a piece of stem to reproduce
  plants.
• Use a rooting hormone with fungicide to.
• Speed up root development.
• Prevent root rot.

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Leaf Cuttings

• The use of leaves and sections of leaves to
  reproduce plants.
• Done from herbaceous plants.
• Veins must be cut!!!

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Root Cuttings

• The use of roots to reproduce plants.
• Should be spaced 3 inches apart in the rooting
  area.

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Layering

• The rooting of plant parts while they are still
  attached to the parent plant.
• The types are.
• Air Layering.
• Trench Layering.
• Mound Layering.

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Air Layering

• Also called Chinese propagation.
• Area of plant is girdled and surrounded by a
  moist growing medium that is sealed in
  polyethylene film.

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Trench Layering

• Mother plant is bent to the ground and buried.
• Plants form at each node on covered stem.

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Mound Layering

• Rooted plant is cut off at the soil level.
• As the season progresses, soil is added to cover
  the growing shoots.
• After 1 year, the shoots are rooted and removed
  from the parent plant.

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Division Separation

• Cutting or pulling apart of.
• Bulbs
• Corms
• Rhizomes
• Tubers
• Runners
• Stolens
• Suckers

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Grafting

• Joining separate plant parts together so that
  they form a union and grow together to make one
  plant.
• Scion
• Piece of plant at the top
  of the
  graft.
• Rootstock
• The piece of the plant at the
  root or bottom of the
  graft.

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Grafting Methods

• Scion rootstock are the same size
• Wedge
• Splice
• Whip tongue
• Approach

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Grafting Methods
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Grafting Methods

• Scion is smaller than the rootstock
• Cleft.
• Side.
• Notch.
• Bark inlay.

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Grafting Methods
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Budding

• A form of grafting when a bud is used.
• Faster or quicker than grafting.
• The 3 main methods are.
• Patch budding.
• T-budding.
• Chip budding.

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Patch Budding
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T-Budding
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Chip Budding
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Tissue Culture

• Must have a sterile environment.
• Get the most plants in a short time.
• True to parent plants.

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Advantages to Asexual Propagation

• Plants mature in shorter time.
• Some plants do not produce viable seeds.
• New plants are same as parent plant.

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Disadvantages to Asexual Propagation

• Some methods require special equipment skills.
• Such as grafting.
• Cuttings detach plant parts from water and
  nutrient source.
• Some plants are patented.
• Making propagation illegal.

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Biotechnology in Horticulture
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What is Biotechnology?

• The use of cells or components (parts) of cells
  to produce or processes.

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Methods of Biotechnology

• Tissue Culture
• Also called micropropagation.
• Uses the terminal shoots or leaf buds in a
  sterile or aseptic environment on agar gel or
  other nutrient-growing media to produce thousands
  of identical plants.

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Methods of Biotechnology

• Cloning
• Genetically generating offspring from
  non-sexual tissue.

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Methods of Biotechnology

• Genetic Engineering
• Movement of genetic information in the form of
  genes from one cell to another cell to modify or
  change the genetic make-up.

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Benefits of Biotechnology

• Produce many identical plants in a short time.
• Increase disease and insect resistance.
• Increase tolerance to heat or cold.
• Increase weed tolerance.

• Increase tolerance to drought.
• Improve environment.
• Increase production.
• Other genetic changes.

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Designed By

• Johnny M. Jessup FFA Advisor
• Hobbton High School