Org Change and Org Development - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Org Change and Org Development

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Org Development methods used to implement org change ... Lewin's model effectively describes change process, but overlooks what? Evaluating Change ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Org Change and Org Development


1
Org Change and Org Development
  • Ch 16
  • May 1, 2008

2
Org Change and OD
  • Org Change in structure, technology or people
  • 1st order vs. 2nd order
  • Org Development methods used to implement org
    change

3
Impediments to change
  • Reduced degrees of freedom lack of training
  • Fear of the unknown change in politics/in-groups
  • Identify ways to overcome these impediments
  • Employee voice, training, clear contingencies
  • Does the nature of the situation seem to call for
    different ways of overcoming the impediments?
  • System v. personnel change

4
Lewins Force Field Analysis Model
  • developed 50 yrs ago, still prevalent today

Refreeze
Unfreeze
Desired State
  • How do we best unfreeze attitudes?
  • How do we best refreeze the new state?

5
Driving Restraining Forces
  • To increase driving forces
  • 1.
  • 2.
  • To reduce restraining forces
  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.

6
Employee Resistance to Change
  • Main reasons for creating resistance
  • 1) Consequences of change -
  • Direct costs
  • Incongruent org systems
  • 2) Process of change -
  • Saving face
  • Fear of unknown

7
Refreezing
  • Through org structure changes
  • Through org reward systems consistent with new
    changes
  • Lewins model effectively describes change
    process, but overlooks what?

8
Evaluating Change
  • Using Kirkpatricks training evaluation model
    what does each level assess?
  • Reactions
  • Learning
  • Behavior
  • Outcomes
  • Reactions measure restraining forces, learning
    reflects change itself, behavior measures
    refreezing success.

9
OD Interventions
  • OD implements org change w/emphasis on org
    effectiveness
  • Tries to improve org capability to solve problems
    cope with change
  • 1) Total Quality Management (TQM)
  • 3 main concepts
  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.

10
OD Interventions (cont.)
  • 2) Management by Objectives (MBO) develop
    specific org goals
  • Main ideas of MBO

11
Porras Robertson meta-analysis
  • Healthy report pos changes, but more report no
    change
  • Few reports of negative effects, but why?
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