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NTUT Academic Writing (Week 6): Coherence, Punctuation, and Transition Signals

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Title: NTUT Academic Writing (Week 6): Coherence, Punctuation, and Transition Signals


1
  • NTUT Academic Writing (Week 6) Coherence,
    Punctuation, and Transition Signals

2
Four Ways to Achieve Coherence
  • Coherence how sentences hold together
  • movements of sentences.
  • 1. Repeating key nouns
  • 2. Using pronouns
  • 3. Using transition signals
  • 4. Applying logical order.

3
Repetition of Key Nouns
  • Paragraph with coherence (how many key nouns,
    pronouns are used?)

4
Why Is This Paragraph Less Coherent?
5
Use of Consistent Pronouns
  • Avoid change of person or change of number.
  • (why is it inconsistent?)

6
Transition Signals which paragraph is easier to
understand?
  • (which paragraph is easy to understand? Why?)

7
three Types of Transition Signals
  • A. Sentence Connectors transition phrases
    conjunctive adverbs.
  • Transition phrases
  • 1. Appear in the beginning, middle, or end of
  • a sentence.
  • 2. A coma is needed.
  • Ex. For example, the Baltic Sea (, for example)
    in Northern Europe is only one-fourth as saline
    as the Rea Sea in the Middle East (, for example).

8
Conjunctive Adverbs
  • Often used with a semicolon and a comma to join
    two independent clauses.
  • Ex. In warm climate zones, water evaporates
    rapidly therefore, its net profit declined.
  • Many societies in the world are matriarchal that
    is, the mother is head of the family.
  • Some English words do not have exact equivalents
    in other languages for example, there is no
    German word for the adjective fair, as in fair
    play.

9
B. Clause Connectors
  • 1. Coordinating conjunctions used with a comma
    to join two independent clauses and to form a
    compound sentence.
  • Ex. In a matriarchy, the mother is the head of
    the family, and all of the children belong to her
    clan.
  • In warm climate zones, water evaporates, so the
    concentration of salt is greater.

10
Yet and But
  • Both signal that an opposite idea is coming.
  • Yet preferred when the 2nd clause is an
    unexpected or surprising contrast to the 1st
    clause.
  • Ex. Thomas Edison dropped out of school at age
    12, yet he became a famous inventor.
  • But preferred when the 2 clauses are direct
    oppositions.
  • Ex. I want to study art, but my parents want me
    to become an engineer.
  • Yet is similar in meaning to nevertheless but is
    similar to however.

11
2. Subordinating Conjunctions
  • Used to introduce a dependent clause, which is
    joined to form a complex sentence.
  • Position use a comma if the DC comes before the
    IC do not use a comma if the DC comes after the
    IC.
  • Ex. Although the companys sale increased last
    year, its net profit declined.
  • The companys net profit declined last year
    although its sales increased.

12
C. Others
  • Indicating transition additional (adj.) despite
    (prep.) examples (n.).
  • Ex. An additional reason for the firms
    bankruptcy was the lack of competent management.
  • Examples of vocabulary differences between
    British and American English include
    petrol/gasoline, windscreen/windshield, and
    lorry/truck.
  • Despite increased sales, the companys profit
    declined last quarter.

13
Transition Signals
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Spot Transition Signals and Add Punctuation Marks
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Choose the Right Transition Signal and Add
Punctuation Marks
  • 1. In physics, the weight of an object is the
    gravitational force with which the earth attracts
    it _________ if a man weighs 150 pounds, this
    means that the earth pulls him down with a force
    of 150 pounds. (moreover, therefore, for example)
  • 2. The farther away from the earth a person is,
    the less gravitational force of the earth
    ________ a man weighs less when he is 50,000
    miles from the earth than when he is only 5,000
    miles away. (in conclusion, therefore, however)
  • 3. A tsunami is a tidal wave produced by an
    earthquake on the ocean floor. The waves are very
    long and low in open water, but when they get
    close to land, they encounter friction because
    the water is shallow _________ the waves increase
    in height and can cause considerable damage when
    they finally reach land. (on the other hand, as a
    result, for example)

19
Fill in the blanks
  • For instance moreover furthermore in
    conclusion however but for example
    such as

20
Punctuation Marks Comma Usage
  • Four main groups

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Test Yourselves
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