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The New Imperialism 18691914

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Europeans seized territory in Africa and Central Asia ... for minerals (such as copper, tin, chrome, manganese, coal, gold, diamonds) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The New Imperialism 18691914


1
The New Imperialism 1869-1914
  • Between 1869-1914
  • - Europeans seized territory in Africa and
    Central Asia
  • - Both Europeans and Americans took territories
    in Southeast Asia and the Pacific
  • - Approximately 10 million square miles and 150
    million people fell under the rule of Europe
    and the U.S. during this time.
  • - This was a land grab of unprecented speed.

2
The New Imperialism 1869-1914
  • New Imperialism
  • - more than just a land grab
  • - Imperial powers used economic and
    technological Methods to reorganize dependent
    regions
  • - those regions joined the world economy as
    SUPPLIERS of foods and raw materials AND as
    CONSUMERS of industrial products.

3
The New Imperialism 1869-1914
  • In Africa
  • - this was done by CONQUEST and COLONIAL admin
  • In Latin American republics
  • - the same result was achieved indirectly as the
    nations became economically dependent on the
    U.S. and Europe even while maintaining their
    political independence.

4
The New Imperialism 1869-1914
  • Why did Europeans and Americans impose their will
    on other societies?
  • - Political motives
  • - Cultural motives
  • - Economic motives
  • - Still really the three Gs
  • - Glory, God and Gold

5
The New Imperialism 1869-1914
  • Why did Europeans and Americans impose their will
    on other societies?
  • Political motives
  • The great powers and some lesser power were very
    competitive and concerned with their status.
  • - ex. France sought to reestablish prestige by
    acquiring
  • territories overseas after its defeat by
    Prussia in 1871.
  • - ex. Great Britain sought to protect its
    ownership of India by acquiring colonies in
    East Africa and Southeast Asia.

6
The New Imperialism 1869-1914
  • Why did Europeans and Americans impose their will
    on other societies?
  • Political motives
  • Individual diplomats and colonial agents often
    took matters into their own hands.
  • Often took over neighboring territories in the
    name of protecting what they already had, THEN
    informed their home government. The home
    government then felt obligated to back up their
    men.

7
The New Imperialism 1869-1914
  • Why did Europeans and Americans impose their will
    on other societies?
  • Cultural motives
  • Christian revivals in Europe and North America
    in the late 19th century led both Catholics and
    Protestants to form new missionary societies
  • Missionary societies
  • Purpose
  • To convert non-believers
  • But also to bring civilized behavior
  • eg. Abolish slavery, bring Western
    education, medicine,
  • hygiene, and monogamous marriage.

8
The New Imperialism 1869-1914
  • Why did Europeans and Americans impose their will
    on other societies?
  • Cultural motives
  • Religious work overseas attracted women
  • Women who joined missionary societies were able
    to hold positions of greater authority than they
    could ever hope for at home
  • often became teachers and nurses
  • often help soften the harshness of colonial
    rule
  • eg called attention to issues of maternity and
    womens health

9
The New Imperialism 1869-1914
  • Why did Europeans and Americans impose their will
    on other societies?
  • Cultural motives
  • Sense of moral duty and cultural superiority not
    limited to missionaries
  • general European and American idea that believed
  • technological innovation progress and change
    for the better
  • This attitude at least included the ideas that
    non-Western peoples could achieve the same
    cultural level as Europeans and Americans
  • In contrast, Social Darwinists believed that
    different races represented different stages of
    biological development from civilized on down
    to savage
  • To Social Darwinists, caucasions were always on
    the top of this ranking.
  • Such ideas provided an excuse for rule over
    Africans and Asians.

10
The New Imperialism 1869-1914
  • Why did Europeans and Americans impose their will
    on other societies?
  • Economic motives
  • Industrialization in Europe and North America
  • Stimulated the demand for minerals (such as
    copper, tin, chrome, manganese, coal, gold,
    diamonds)
  • Demand for industrial crops (such as cotton and
    rubber) grew
  • Demand for stimulants (such as sugar, coffee,
    tea, and tobacco) also grew

11
The New Imperialism 1869-1914
  • Why did Europeans and Americans impose their will
    on other societies?
  • Economic motives
  • Industrialization in Europe and North America
  • Stimulated the demand for minerals (such as
    copper, tin, chrome, manganese, coal, gold,
    diamonds)
  • Demand for industrial crops (such as cotton and
    rubber) grew
  • Demand for stimulants (such as sugar, coffee,
    tea, and tobacco) also grew

12
The New Imperialism 1869-1914
  • Why did Europeans and Americans impose their will
    on other societies?
  • Economic motives
  • Economic depression led business men to pressure
    their own governments for stable, reliable raw
    materials and protected markets.
  • Entrepreneurs and businessmen investing abroad
    wanted their investments to be safe, so they also
    sought the backing of their government,
    preferably with soldiers

13
The New Imperialism 1869-1914
  • Why did Europeans and Americans impose their will
    on other societies?
  • Motives explain but why COULD the Europeans and
    Americans do this?
  • The sudden increase in the power that industrial
    peoples could wield over non-industrial peoples
    and over nature MADE IT POSSIBLE.

14
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