Avoiding Plagiarism

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Avoiding Plagiarism APA Referencing Workshop
???

• How to identify, avoid and eliminate plagiarism
  from your writing.
• ? ? ? ? ??

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Welcome to the workshop.

• Speaker - Jonny Wells
• ELSSA Centre

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ELSSA Centre

• What do we do?
• Provide workshops in Faculties throughout
  semester
• Provide one-to-one appointments
• Where are we?
• Level 18, Building 1
• ? www.elssa.uts.edu.au
• ?Phone [phone]
• ?Email elssa.centre_at_uts.edu.au
• ? Jonny Wells jonny.wells_at_uts.edu.au

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Todays Program

• Discussion / warm up / ice breaker.
• What exactly is plagiarism?
• What is expected of you as a university student.
• Why, when and how to reference correctly.
• How to avoid plagiarism 100.
• How to paraphrase effectively every time.
• Harvard Referencing Intro basic outline
• Summary/ feedback/ questions.

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Please make notes today

• Presentation not available may be on ELSSA
  website in the future however.
• Please do not copy word for word this
  presentation we dont have time.
• Use good note taking skills.
• Use bullet points to get the main issues.
• Please feel free to ask questions as we go along!

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Discussion Ask your partner/group

• 1. Why did you choose to come to this workshop?
• 2. In your opinion, what are the biggest problems
  you are having with your academic writing?
• 3. How do you feel about your knowledge of proper
  referencing for your assignments?
• 4. What do you most want to learn/ get info.
  about in this academic workshop?
• 5. Why is avoiding plagiarism such an important
  issue?
• 6. How can you avoid plagiarising in your work?

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Definition

• Q What is the definition of plagiarism
• A Plagiarism is using the words or ideas of
  others and presenting them as your own.
  Plagiarism is a type of intellectual theft. It
  can take many forms, from deliberate cheating to
  accidentally copying from a source without
  acknowledgement.

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Plagiarism

• ??Discussion Task.
• What different forms of plagiarism can you think
  of?

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Different forms of plagiarism

• Downloading work from the internet.
• Buying or borrowing others work.
• Copying from books or articles submitting it as
  your own.
• Copying, cutting pasting from original sources.
• Using someone elses words as your own.
• Not referencing key ideas or theories from
  others.
• Copying work from others and saying it is your
  own.
• Re-submitting your old work as new.

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Why do students plagiarise?

• Discuss with your partner
• Poor time management issues
• Overwhelmed by the task/assignment
• Poorly informed
• Over stressed and save time
• everyone else is doing it

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How common is it?

• In a sample of 1,800 students at nine U.S state
  universities
• 70 of the students admitted to regularly
  cheating in exams
• 84 admitted to regularly cheating on written
  assignments
• 52 had copied work from a website w/o citing the
  source and claimed it was their own work.
• Kerkvliet, J., Sigmund, C. L. (1999). Can we
  control cheating in the classroom?
• Journal of Economic Education, 30(4), 331-351.

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What are the penalties if caught?

• Your Lecturers/Teachers ??
• Are experts in their field and know the readings
  and texts well.
• They are extremely familiar with students that
  cheat. Never outsmart a lecturer!
• They know how and where students can cheat.
• They can easily check if you have done it.
• If you found the copied information easily on the
  web or other source, so can your lecturer.
• At best, you will fail the assignment/course, at
  worst be excluded from the university.
• If you do it once and get caught, lecturers will
  be doubly suspicious of you from then on.

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Why do you need to reference?

• To avoid plagiarism!
• As a courtesy to the original person whose ideas
  you have read.
• By showing you have done effective research.
• By demonstrating your levels of knowledge to your
  peers and lecturers.
• By becoming familiar with the current theories
  and thinking in your field of study.
• To show authority in your work and levels of
  academic professionalism.

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When do you give references?

• Please discuss ???
• To support/ back up your supporting/countering
  arguments or theories in your work.
• To show where you got specific information from,
  such as statistics, examples or case studies.
• To show direct quotations that people have said.
• For texts which you have paraphrased from.
• To acknowledge information and ideas that are not
  your own or are not common knowledge.
• This includes quotations paraphrases.

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How to reference

• Using The APA Style ???
• In text referencing.
• Separate quotes in the text.
• The reference list at the back.
• What is the APA system?
• Author, date (and page) acknowledged in the text
• Full details in the reference list at end of text

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Steps Involved in Referencing

• Note down the full bibliographic details of the
  source from which the information is taken.
  Include the following
• relevant page number(s).
• In the case of a book, bibliographical details
  refers to author/editor, year of publication,
  title, edition, volume number, place of
  publication and publisher as found on the front
  and back of the title page. (Not all of these
  details will necessarily be applicable).
• In the case of a journal article the details
  required include author of the article, year of
  publication,
• title of the article, title of the journal,
  volume and issue number of the journal, and page
  numbers.
• For all electronic information, in addition to
  the above you should note the date that you
  accessed the information, and the database name
  or web address (URL)

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In text citation -some examples

• 1. Highlighting the idea first in a
  paragraph/sentence.
• Sophisticated searching techniques are important
  in finding information (Berkman, 1994, p.25).
• 2. Highlighting the author first in a
  paragraph/sentence.
• Berkman (1994, p.25) claimed that sophisticated
  searching techniques are important in finding
  information.
• 2. Highlighting the author idea using a longer
  quote.
• Berkman stated in his journal
• 40 word long quote.indented /italised
• (Berkman, 1994, p.25)

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How to reference

• ?? You read something useful for your assignment
• You have 2 choices
• Use the original word for word and use it as
  either a short or longer quote add correct
  reference
• OR re-read it, paraphrase it and use your own
  words to re-phrase it add the correct reference
  afterwards.
• DO NOT just read the original, copy it word for
  word and then reference it this is considered
  plagiarism and that you are stealing someone
  elses ideas/words.

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Direct Quotes or Paraphrases?

• For both direct quotes and paraphrased versions
  they must both be referenced.
• IF you use the exact words of the
  author/writer/speaker you must use quotation
  marks appropriately and provide the reference as
  well.
• For paraphrased references just add the correct
  reference.

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Avoiding Plagiarism

• Discussion Task ???
• Which is not considered plagiarism?
• Not providing a reference when youve used
  someones idea.
• Copying a few sentences from an article on the
  internet.
• Not giving a reference when youve used common
  knowledge.
• Giving the reference, but not using quotation
  marks when you take a sentence from another
  writers article.
• Taking a paragraph from another students essay
  without acknowledging it.
• Presenting the results of your own research.

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Avoiding Plagiarism

• Discussion Task ANSWERS???
• Which is not considered plagiarism?
• Not providing a reference when youve used
  someones idea.
• Copying a few sentences from an article on the
  internet.
• Not giving a reference when youve used common
  knowledge.
• Giving the reference, but not using quotation
  marks when you take a sentence from another
  writers article.
• Taking a paragraph from another students essay
  without acknowledging it.
• Presenting the results of your own research.

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Paraphrasing

• To avoid plagiarising, you need to paraphrase
  effectively
• Questions ??
• Why does paraphrasing mean?
• What is an effective method of paraphrasing?

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Paraphrasing strategy

• It can be difficult to find new words for an
  idea that is already well expressed. The
  following strategy will make the job of
  paraphrasing a lot easier
• When you are at the note-taking stage, do not
  copy the passage word for word unless you think
  you will want to quote it.
• If you think you will want to paraphrase the
  passage, make a note only of the author's basic
  point and key words. You don't even need to use
  full sentences, use bullet points.
• In your note, you should already be translating
  the language of the original into your own words.
  What matters is that you capture the original
  idea.
• Make sure to include the page number of the
  original passage so that you can make a proper
  reference later on.
• You must express the idea(s) from the passage in
  completely your own words!

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Paraphrasing Strategy

• When it comes time to write the paper, rely on
  your notes rather than on the author's work. You
  will find it much easier to avoid borrowing from
  the original passage because you will not have
  recently seen it and you will be using your ideas
  and sentence structure. Follow this simple
  sequence
• Convert the ideas from your notes into full
  sentences.
• Provide a reference.
• Go back to the original to ensure that (a) your
  paraphrase is accurate and (b) you have truly
  said things in your own words and not just copied
  the original.

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Paraphrasing Strategy

• How to do it well.

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Paraphrasing Strategy

• Paraphrasing task read this original text

• Students are often tempted to copy directly from
  the internet or books. This is a particularly
  serious offence which is called plagiarism, but
  more commonly known to students as cheating. If
  students are caught doing this, they risk serious
  punishment which often results in failing their
  chosen course or module of study. This can be
  expensive as university and college courses often
  cost thousands of dollars. Moreover, students
  usually think that teachers or lecturers will not
  know that they have copied, yet they are unaware
  that in most cases, teachers can identify 90 of
  copied or plagiarised writing.

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Paraphrasing Strategy

• Paraphrasing task read this original text
• Now summarise it-using bullet points key words
  only. Do not use full sentences!

• Students are often tempted to copy directly from
  the internet or books. This is a particularly
  serious offence which is called plagiarism, but
  more commonly known to students as cheating. If
  students are caught doing this, they risk serious
  punishment which often results in failing their
  chosen course or module of study. This can be
  expensive as university and college courses often
  cost thousands of dollars. Moreover, students
  usually think that teachers or lecturers will not
  know that they have copied, yet they are unaware
  that in most cases, teachers can identify 90 of
  copied or plagiarised writing.

• Summary 1
• Summary 2
• Summary 3
• Summary 4
• Summary 5
• Summary 6
• Summary 7

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Paraphrasing strategy

• Paraphrasing task

Your rewritten text here This is my paraphrased
writing from the original text. This is my
paraphrased writing from the original text. This
is my paraphrased writing from the original text.
This is my paraphrased writing from the original
text. This is my paraphrased writing from the
original text.

• Students are often tempted to copy directly from
  the internet or books. This is a particularly
  serious offence which is called plagiarism, but
  more commonly known to students as cheating. If
  students are caught doing this, they risk serious
  punishment which often results in failing their
  chosen course or module of study. This can be
  expensive as university and college courses often
  cost thousands of dollars. Moreover, students
  usually think that teachers or lecturers will not
  know that they have copied, yet they are unaware
  that in most cases, teachers can identify 90 of
  copied or plagiarised writing.

• Summary 1
• Summary 2
• Summary 3
• Summary 4
• Summary 5
• Summary 6
• Summary 7

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Paraphrasing strategy
Your rewritten text here This is my paraphrased
writing from the original text. This is my
paraphrased writing from the original text. This
is my paraphrased writing from the original text.
This is my paraphrased writing from the original
text. This is my paraphrased writing from the
original text.

• Summary 1
• Summary 2
• Summary 3
• Summary 4
• Summary 5
• Summary 6
• Summary 7

Cover your original and do not look at
it!
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Paraphrasing strategy

• Remember to add the reference for
• where you saw this information to your
• text.

Your rewritten text here This is my paraphrased
writing from the original text. This is my
paraphrased writing from the original text. This
is my paraphrased writing from the original text.
This is my paraphrased writing from the original
text. This is my paraphrased writing from the
original text.
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Referencing - APA Style

• Often called the Author-Date system
• APA referencing requires you to have 2 parts in
  your written work
• 1. In text citations/references
• (which show author surname date of pub)
• 2. A reference List at the back (showing full
  bibliographic details in alphabetical order)

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Why use references (2)?

• To show where you are getting information from.
• Respecting others intellectual property.
• To show your lecturers you are reading and doing
  appropriate research.
• To show your understanding of the key
  theorists/writers and concepts in your chosen
  field of study.
• To show the resources you have used to shape and
  mould your arguments.
• So that the reader can easily locate the sources
  you have used in your writing.
• Because referencing is essential for all academic
  assignments at University.

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How to cite references within the text of an
assignment

• Use the author-date method of citation for both
  quotations and paraphrasing
• e.g.
• Johnson (1999) investigated the effects of
• An investigation into the effects of maternal age
  (Johnson, 1999) found that

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In-text references

• Referring author - referencing style
• examples
• Kelly draws attention to three principal factors
  which determine the success of fund-raising
  (1998, p.394).
• According to Kelly (1998, p.394), there are

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In-text referencing
Sourcelib.murdoch.edu.au
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Using quotes

• Short quotations
• Smith notes that in recent years, some
  non-profit organisations have diversified into
  what he calls bold, ugly bared-faced
  commercialised giants (2008, p.69).

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Using quotes

• Longer quotations (over 30 words) must be
  indented and italised with ref. at the bottom.
• The path towards becoming a social
  entrepreneur has been described as follows
• Above all it takes the courage to change
  because every organisation has an organisational
  culture that gets in the way a collection of
  shared values that defines who we are, what we
  stand for, how we should treat our clients, and
  so on.
• (Dees 1998, p.10)
• Therefore, it can be argued that many
  organisations are actually

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Citation verbs - the extent to which you agree
with the author

• Showing you agree with the author
• acknowledge, admit, add, confirm, demonstrate,
  emphasise, formulate, indicate, point out, prove,
  report, reveal, show, validate, verify
• Leaving you room for disagreement with the author
• analyse, argue, believe, comment, deal with,
  define, discuss, examine, find, illustrate,
  imply, insist, list, mention, note, observe,
  postulate, present, propose, reject, remark, say,
  state, study, suggest, survey, write.
• Suggesting you may not agree the author
• allege, assert, claim, deny, maintain

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How often do you refer to the source?

• Often!
• However, Drucker (1974) asserted that the
  foundation of Fayols management function raises
  difficulties when applied to large enterprises,
  so from the perspective of Management by Object,
  he suggested that a manager should. Accordingly,
  management must first set goals, by deciding on
  the orientation of future efforts, formulating
  the objective at each stage, and then determining
  the tasks to be performed. Management must then
  design the organization, establishing the best
  organizational framework for completing the task
  at each stage. Drucker also thinks that
  motivation and communication are important. He
  thinks that a proper personnel system should be
  established to encourage communication among an
  enterprises employees, to maximize the
  effectiveness of human resources. He also
  emphasized the importance of the measuring
  corporate performance system, which enables
  managers to determine the performance of actual
  work. He finally noted the importance of
  education and training, for an enterprises
  employees, when faced with a rapidly changing
  competitive environment, to improve their
  knowledge, skills and capabilities. Only when
  employees consistently receive education and
  training can they grow and develop with an
  organization. Nowadays, the five main management
  tasks developed by Drucker have evolved into the
  five basic principles of management including
  Goals Setting, Organization Design, Motivaton and
  Communication, Measuring Corporate Performance,
  and education and Training.
• (from Lin, Kuo-Wei, 2005, Managerial Thinking
  in the 21st Century Journal of American Academy
  of Business, Vol. 6, No.1, pp.195-199)

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The reference list

• Organised alphabetically by authors surname or
  organisation name at the end of your assignment.
• NO numbers or bullet points
• All sources listed together (print, electronic
  and other) check the format required however

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Referencing styles

• Please note that there are subtle differences
  within each style of referencing and that one APA
  system used at UTS CAN be slightly different to
  another APA style used for example at UNSW.
• The key is to ask your lecturer first.
• And to be consistent the whole way through using
  the same style.
• Stick to the UTS Bell guide to referencing
• Please note punctuation, use of commas, colons
  and full stops can vary greatly within the APA
  system!
• Keep it simple and straightforward but be
  consistent!
• If in doubt, ask your lecturer to explain and
  clarify.

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How to use references

• Use references and quotes to SUPPORT your
  arguments!
• Use them sparingly!
• Do not overuse them they are to SUPPORT / not
  provide your arguments

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What Good Writers do.

• Dont leave things to the last minute.
• Take good notes from their reading -following a
  logical system.
• Summarise what theyve read in note form only
  not full sentences.
• Keep accurate reference notes.
• Use quotes sparingly in their work.
• Keep accurate reference details as they go along
  and add these to their writing.
• Ask for help if they need it!

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Further Resources / help

• ELSSA centre Level 18 Tower Building
• ELSSA website
• Library its website / Bell guide to APA
• Faculty website /course guides
• Bookshops
• Peers / Lecturers / Other faculty staff
• Internet - lots of resources to help you

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Further Resources / help

• Useful recommended books
• ? Academic Writing A Handbook For International
  Students. By Stephen Bailey. Routledge Press. 52
• ? Academic Writing Course (study skills in
  English) By R.R Jordan. Longman Press 49.
• ? English for Academic Study Vocabulary-Course
  book. By Colin Campbell. University of Reading.
  33

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Further Resources / help

• www.bell.uts.edu.au/referencing/APA
• http//www.plagiarism.org
• http//www.lc.unsw.edu.au/onlib/plag.html

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Any Questions?

• Thank you for your time today.
• Good Luck with your studies!