MEA Enforcement

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MEA Enforcement

• Strengthen Capacity to Control ODS Trade at
  National Level
• Regional Enforcement Networking
• Green Customs Initiative
• Regional Partners Forum on Combating
  Environmental Crime
• UNODC-UNEP Cooperation on Cross-Border Control
• Project Sky-Hole-Patching

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Background

• Many environmental problems are trans-boundary
  and global in impact, and they can only be
  addressed effectively through international
  co-operation and shared responsibility
• Customs and border-protection officers
  responsible for controlling trade across borders
  have an important role in protecting the national
  and global environment

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The Ozone Layer

• Ozone (O3) gas composed of 3 atoms of Oxygen
• Created through photo chemical reactions with
  oxygen molecules
• 90 is in the stratosphere, 20 - 40 km high
• Ozone Layer acts as a filter for UV-B

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Ozone Depleting Substances

• Ozone-depleting substances (ODS) are chemical
  substances that have the potential to react with
  ozone molecules in the stratosphere
• The ability to deplete the ozone layer is
  referred to as the Ozone Depletion Potential
  (ODP)

CFC-11
CFC-12
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International Response

• precautionary principle common but
  differentiated responsibilities flexible
• The Vienna Convention (1985)
• The Montreal Protocol (1987), 4 Amendments and 5
  adjustments
• Production Consumption of Ozone Depleting
  Substances to be progressively reduced
• Financial Mechanism to assist developing
  countries the Multilateral Fund
• Delayed Compliance period for developing countries

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Major compliance targets DC
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Licensing System

• Article 4B of the Montreal Protocol Montreal
  Amendment
• Parties should establish and implement a system
  for licensing the import and export of new, used,
  recycled and reclaimed substances in Annexes A,
  B, C, and E by 2000

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Chief Officer Multilateral Fund at 24th GC UNEP

• The co-existence of legal versus controlled
  uses of some of the substances controlled under
  the Montreal Protocol, specifically CCl4 and
  methyl bromide, means that there is a real risk
  of a cross over from legal to illegal use 
• Increasing stockpiles of ODS could also be a
  source of unauthorized trade in these substances
  across borders

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Strengthen Capacity to Control ODS Trade at
National Level

• ODS licensing system
• National customs handbooks
• National Train-the-Trainer Workshops Customs
• ODS part of the customs training curricula
• ODS checking as part of inspection procedure
• Checkpoints have access to a refrigerant
  identifier
• National guideline/procedure on handling
  seizures, and confiscation of illegal ODS
• Public awareness raising

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SA-SEAP Ozone-Customs Cooperation on Combating
illegal ODS trade
Regional/International Partners WCO RILO AP /
ROCB Interpol - EIA
Ozone Customs Officers
Workshops Info/intelligence exchange Enforcement
management tools Desk study
Implementing Agency UNEP
Outputs iPIC Info Sheets
Future Chemical MEAs
Lessons learned
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Lessons learned
N
Lessons Learned

• Project implementation and participation
• Follow-up C R essential and labour intensive
• One pillar of success same officers attend all
  workshops
• Deeper understanding of the specific problems
• Created a big capacity building of those officers
• Allowed for a mutual search for solutions
• Officers take a very active role
• Outreach
• Bring certain problems to the Meeting of the
  Parties
• Other regions - Other MEA secretariats show
  interest

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Lessons learned
N
Lessons Learned

• Interaction Other Agencies
• Expertise, extend activities
• Two-way awareness raising within organisations
  (WCO, Interpol), puts environmental crime on
  agenda
• Scope
• Need to broaden the scope
• include other MEAs
• full enforcement chain

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MEA Regional Enforcement Networking Project
Proposal

• Aims at integration of the MEA work with regards
  to control of transboundary movements of those
  chemicals
• By integrating control strategies
• Optimising the use of resources within the
  countries
• Minimising the loss of political attention and
  capacity built for the MP

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MEA Regional Enforcement Networking

• Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) to
  be addressed
• Montreal Protocol
• Basel Convention
• Rotterdam Convention
• Stockholm Convention
• SAICM - Strategic Approach to International
  Chemicals
• Common chemicals and trade controls

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Green Customs Initiative

• Series of collaborative activities carried out by
  its partner organizations
• Aimed at raising the awareness of Customs and
  border control officers to several trade-related
  MEAs and relevant treaties
• Activities to date
• Awareness-raising workshops
• Guide to Multilateral Environmental Agreements
  and other related treaties

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Key Partners Green Customs
Trade and Customs are key tools to implement
these treaties
WCO UNEP - Interpol

• Montreal Protocol
• Ozone-depleting substances
• Basel
• Hazardous wastes
• Stockholm
• Persistent Organic Pollutants
• Rotterdam
• Chemicals

• Chemical Weapons
• Chemicals
• CITES
• Endangered species
• Cartagena Protocol
• GMO

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Green Customs Initiative - Planned

• Publication and distribution of the GreenCustoms
  Guide
• GreenCustoms awareness-raising workshops
• Train-the-trainer workshops for Customs
• On-line training, e-learning
• Specialized skills training by GreenCustoms
  partners
• One-stop source for reference materials for
  Customs on the GreenCustoms website
• www.greencustoms.org

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Regional Partners Forum on Combating
Environmental Crime

• Facilitate mutual consultation
• Policy and matters of common interest.
• To develop programmes or activities in the region
  
• Reciprocal representation at partners meetings
• Awareness raising decision makers
• Promote exchange of information
• Intelligence / info exchange on environment crime
  
• Cooperate closely with RILO - Interpol
• Coordinate technical cooperation

• RILO AP
• WCO ROCB
• INTERPOL
• TRAFFIC SEA
• EIA
• IUCN
• WildAid
• UNODC
• BCRC
• UNEP ROAP

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Project Sky-Hole-Patching

• Coordination with related International
  Organizations
• WCO, Basel Convention Secretariat, CITES
  Secretariat, Basel Convention Regional Centers
  and Interpol
• Other regional UNEP offices
• Capacity Building for the Project
• Adoption Action Plan
• Include in National / Sub-regional Customs
  Training Workshops
• Fact Sheets
• Information and Intelligence Exchange
• Assessment report Illegal ODS Trade in Asia and
  Pacific Region
• Info Sheets Licensing-Registered Importers/
  exporters
• Facilitation intelligence collection (EIA list
  suspicious companies)

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UNODC-UNEP Cooperation on Cross-Border Control

• UN Office on Drugs and Crime
• Project centred around Border Liaison Offices
  (BLO), located at various high-risk border areas
  
• Place where officers from different domestic
  agencies different countries meet to share
  intelligence info
• UNEP
• facilitated discussions between Thailand, Laos,
  Cambodia and Vietnam on illegal ODS trade
• UNODC-UNEP cooperation proposal to include ODS
• To give BLO authority to exchange ODS related
  information
• Regular scheduled meetings at BLO include ODS
• Provide regional training on basic intelligence
  techniques