Experiences in Technology Transfer Nandita Mongia,Ph.D Senior Technical Advisor

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Experiences in Technology Transfer
Nandita Mongia,Ph.D Senior Technical Advisor
Manager (Climate Change, Asia and the Pacific
) UNDP/GEF, New YorkUNFCCC/UNDP Experts
Meeting on Technology Transfer KEMCO, Seoul,
Republic of Korea 23-25 April 2002

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Presentation outline

• Part I How GEF Climate Projects Can Support
  Technology Transfer activities
• Part II Relevant GEF Climate Change Operational
  Programs
• Part III GEF Project Examples
• Part IV GEF Project Experiences Some Lessons
  Learnt for Successful Technology Transfer

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Principles of successful GEF project

• Provide Additional and Incremental funding of
  activities that directly contribute to GHG
  emission reduction , based on varying national
  circumstances
• Country driven Policy relevant, Reflected in
  National Policy /actions towards sustainable
  development
• National priorities to address both mitigation
  and adaptation and to ensure linkages of climate
  change with national sustainable development
  aims
• Innovative funding mechanism , additional to
  standard development funds
• Ensuring sustainability at the completion of the
  GEF project life by addressing barriers

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Relevant GEF Climate Change Operational Programs

• OP 5 Removing barriers to cost-effective energy
  conservation
• OP 6 Removing barriers to cost-effective
  renewable energy technologies
• OP 7 Commercialising promising new energy
  technologies
• OP 11 Transportation (new technologies and modal
  shifts)
• OP 12 Integrated Ecosystem Management, removing
  barriers to carbon sequestration in the context
  of multiple environmental benefits
• Approximately 1.5 billion of GEF resources
  have gone to the above windows directly in the
  form of GEF incremental funding and have had a
  co-funding / parallel funding of 7.2 billion
  dollars.
• ( cumulative, to date)

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How GEF climate projects can support technology
transfer activities

• Technology evaluation, information
• Training
• Policy review and development
• Standards ,codes, labels and bench marking
• Financial and business skills
• Technology research and development
• Consumer awareness and marketing
• Market Aggregation
• The presentations and discussions of analytical
  framework for TNA as well as the case studies
  presented yesterday repeatedly drew attention to
  above concerns as regards national circumstances .

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Example Removing barriers to energy conservation
and reducing implementation costs

• Objectives
• Remove barriers to the large-scale application,
  implementation, and dissemination of least-cost,
  commercially established or newly developed
  energy efficient technologies and to promote
  more efficient energy use leading to GHG
  emissions reduction
• Scope of Win-Win Opportunities
• Includes demand-side management in materials,
  industry, appliances and buildings integrated
  resource planning, and encouraging supportive
  legal, regulatory and policy changes.

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Promoting the Adoption of Renewable Energy by
Removing Barriers and Reducing Implementation
Costs

• Objectives
• Removal of the barriers to the use of commercial
  or near-commercial renewable energy technologies
  (RETs)
• Reduction of any additional implementation costs
  for RETs through economically profitable
  win-win transactions and activities
• Scope of Win-Win Opportunities
• Off-grid stand-alone PV solar home systems (30
  100 W)
• Mini-grid village-scale power applications (1
  100 kW)
• Small-scale wind turbines
• Biomass gasifiers
• Mini micro hydro power

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GEF project examples

• Training wind turbine manufacture and assembly
  in Mauritania solar hot water system
  installation in Tunisia energy efficient
  refrigerator design in China, Industrial Energy
  Auditing and bench marking in Malaysia
• Regulatory skills and policy development small
  power purchase tariffs and agreements for
  utilities in Sri Lanka building code development
  in Thailand and Senegal legal framework
  development in Bulgaria.
• Technology evaluation and adaptation coal bed
  methane technology for China and India
  bio-methane technology for India coal boiler
  improvement in China district heating upgrade in
  Lithuania.

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GEF project examples (cont.)

• Financial and business skills renewable energy
  project finance in India solar home dealers and
  entrepreneurs energy service companies supported
  in more than 10 countries Risk guarantee
  mechanism in Thailand
• Support for new technologies includes solar
  thermal power plants in four countries, fuel cell
  buses in five countries, biomass gasification in
  Brazil, grid-connected photovoltaics.
• Consumer awareness energy efficient lighting
  campaigns in Mexico, Poland, and Jamaica solar
  hot water marketing in Tunisia and Morocco.

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GEF Project Experiences Some Lessons Learnt

• Country and project level experiences regards
  technology transfer
• Process related
• Essential to distinguish the larger body of
  relevant stake holders from the Key national
  partner , it differs between nations
• Highest Planning Body / Financial authority be
  it the Prime Ministers office, Min of Finance,
  Min of Aid Coordination The sector specific line
  ministry/ministries is usually not the final
  deciding authority.
• Hence a need to link up top- down decision
  making process to bottom up technology needs
  assessment activities of the variety (
  Agriculture water, forest or transportation , etc
  ) cited by CTI and other speakers.
• Crucial to identify and engage with the Key
  partner right from the beginning , followed by
  extensive multi-sector dialogue

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GEF Project Experiences Some Lessons Learnt

• Country and project level experiences regards
  technology transfer
• Assessment of Cost of Technology Essential to
  distinguish between process level vs country
  level
• Usual importance is placed on Process level
  ? LRMC, AC , unit CO2 abatement cost etc. (
  MARKAL, LEAP, ETO, ENPEP )
• Need to realise Country level costs ? i)
  Realise the importance of cost of barrier
  removal The GEF IC concept embraces this need
  hence GEF funding of IC is usually addressing the
  barrier removal cost of making win- win
  technology sustainable)
• ii) Macro Cost to the economy for implied fuel
  switch ,due to technology choice
• Same reason why CDM experts are finding several
  win -win project technologies may be less
  attractive at /ton CO2 , than originally
  contemplated.
• Technology transfer via the private sector route
  more forthcoming when natural resource based ,
  for the host country vs when Appliances based of
  the International vendor ( e.g China Coalbed
  Methane vs China Efficient Refrigerators or
  Boilers project )
• Establishing a legal /political, enabling
  environment is crucial for sustained
  international commercial sector engagement

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GEF Project Experiences Some Lessons Learnt

• Country and project level experiences regards
  technology transfer
• Points made yesterday
• 1) Use of Needs Assessment to attract
  International business and donor community
• UNDP/GEF project examples
• China Issues and Options Study , The ALGAS
  reports ( 12 Country Mitigation Options based on
  National inventory and mitigation analysis
  outputs,importance of decision support tools can
  not be emphasised enough)
• 2) Effective International Donor Coordination
  GEF process enables it - especially as GEF is the
  incremental funding window , parallel to
  cofunding of activities
• UNDP country coordination frameworks/ -165
  country offices across the world for UNDP, WBs
  country presence enable it
• 3) Who does it Public Sector Activity ?

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GEF Project Experiences Some Lessons Learnt

• Country and project level experiences regards
  technology transfer
• Points made yesterday ..( Continued)
• 4) Dual track approach Actions and Needs
  Assessment build on past experiences
• i) projects and ii) decision support tools
• 5) Combining national sustainable development to
  global concerns
• Awareness on Climate issues may be limited
  linking it to energy for poverty alleviation
• Often two sides of the same coin devil is in
  the detail of project design and activities there
  of, and how it is presented to the different
  stake holders ,donors their priorities

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Status of GEF

• GEF Council Meeting (May)
• GEF Business Plan FY 03-05
• New Climate Change Funds
• Third Replenishment (May)
• Three Funding Scenarios
• Relevant documents
• www.gefweb.org/Documents/council_documents/council
  _documents.html
• GEF Decisions by June SBI meetings
• In response to comment yesterday regards
  Request GEF to provide financial support to CC
  focal area special CC fund