The Tudors

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The English Monarchy from 1485-1714 Tudors and
Stuarts
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Henry VII1485-1509
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Henry VII1485-1509

• Defeated Richard III at Bosworth Field, ending
  Wars of the Roses in 1485
• Suppressed the nobles power, destroying
  independent feudal armies
• Established Court of Star Chamber
• Chose many advisors from the middle class, and
  gained their support
• Not dependent on Parliament for money, due to
  frugality and wise revenue policies

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Henry VIII1509-1547
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Henry VIII1509-1547

• Broke with Roman Church to annul marriage to
  Catherine of Aragon
• By Act of Supremacy (1534), Parliament gave him
  control of the Church of England
• Executed two wives and his Lord Chancellor,
  Thomas More
• Opposed to, and punished, both Protestants and
  Catholics loyal to Rome

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Edward VI1547-1553
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Edward VI1547-1553

• Son of Jane Seymour
• Only 9 years old when he became king
• England under the control of the very Protestant
  Seymour family
• Died at age 16

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Mary I1553-1558
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Mary I1553-1558

• Daughter of Catherine of Aragon
• Devoutly Roman Catholic
• Marries her cousin, Philip II of Spain
• Executes over 300 leading Protestants, including
  Cramner, by burning at the stake Bloody Mary
• Dies without heir

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Elizabeth I1558-1603
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Elizabeth I1558-1603

• Daughter of Anne Boleyn
• Determined to establish unity
• Sets up Anglican Church
• Persecuted Roman Catholics and extreme Puritans
  otherwise practiced tolerance as a Politique
• Reigned during period of great literary
  achievement, especially Shakespeare
• Executed cousin Mary, Queen of Scots in 1587 for
  plotting with Spain
• Defeated Spanish Armada in 1588
• Never married

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James I1603-1625
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James I1603-1625

• Cousin of Elizabeth, son of Mary, Queen of Scots
• The wisest fool in Christendom
• Unwilling to support Protestants in 30 Years War
• Faces increasing opposition from Puritans and
  Parliament

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Charles I1625-1649
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Charles I1625-1649

• Son of James I
• Dismisses Parliament in 1629 rules without them
  until 1640
• Relies on extra-legal revenue sources
• Tries to move church towards Catholicism
• Faces rebellion in Scotland
• Long Parliament, 1640-1660, severely limits his
  power
• Civil War leads to beheading in 1649

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Charles II1660-1685
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Charles II1660-1685

• Son of Charles I, invited back from French exile
  by Parliament
• Merry Monarch eliminates Puritan restrictions
• Allied with France
• Extended religious freedom to Catholics
• Parliament forced him to sign Test Act (1673)
  barring Catholics from public office
• Parties form in England Tories support a strong
  monarchy and Whigs oppose it

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James II1685-1688
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James II1685-1688

• Brother of Charles II
• Catholic with young Catholic wife and two
  Protestant daughters
• Ignores Test Act and other restrictions on
  Catholics
• Regularly dissolved Parliament
• Fathers Catholic James III in 1688, provoking the
  Glorious Revolution

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(William) and Mary1689-(1702) 1694
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William and Mary1689-1702

• Oldest, Protestant daughter of James II and
  Protestant King of the Netherlands
• Co-Joint rulers
• Signed Bill of Rights in 1689
• Involved England in wars against France
• Asserted control in Ireland
• Parliament emerged as center of political power
• Cabinet system developed

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Anne1702-1714
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Anne 1702-1714

• Younger Protestant daughter of James II
• Parliamentary system is well established
• Act of Union in 1707 creates United Kingdom of
  Great Britain by joining England and Scotland