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WashingtonRochambeau Revolutionary Route Study

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Title: WashingtonRochambeau Revolutionary Route Study


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Washington-Rochambeau Revolutionary Route Study
  • Purpose
  • Legislation
  • Study Team
  • Scope Schedule
  • Stakeholders
  • Historical Summary
  • Significance Themes
  • Route
  • Types of Resources
  • For Discussion

3
Purpose of the Study
  • Determine if the WashingtonRochambeau
    Revolutionary Route is eligible to be a National
    Historic Trail.
  • Criteria for Eligibility (the National Trails
    System Act)
  • national and historical significance
  • documentation of the route and its resources
  • potential for public recreation and education
  • Identify Alternatives for preservation and
    interpretation

4
Legislation
  • The WashingtonRochambeau Revolutionary Route
    National Heritage Act of 2000 (PL 106-473)
  • complete a resource study of the 600-mile route
    through Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland,
    Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York,
    Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Virginia, used by
    General George Washington and General comte de
    Rochambeau during the American Revolutionary
    War.
  • Introduced by Representative John Larson (CT) and
    Senator Joseph Lieberman (CT). Cosponsored by 33
    others, including 7 outside the project area.

5
Study Team
  • National Park Service
  • Northeast Region
  • Boston Support Office
  • Philadelphia Support Office (Gibson)
  • National Capitol Region (Scott)
  • Consultants
  • Goody, Clancy Associates, planners
  • Dr. Robert Selig, Ph.D., historian
  • Vanasse, Hangen, Brustlin, EIS

6
Scope Schedule
  • Historical narrative, bibliography, and
  • resource inventory 2001-02
  • Field reconnaissance 2001- 02
  • Public meetings and outreach, March
  • and April 2002
  • Determination of Significance Report to
  • the NPS Advisory Board, November 2002
  • Management alternatives, January 2003
  • EIS draft February 2004, final October 2004
  • Recognition in place for 225th Anniversary in 2006

7
Stakeholders
  • State Historic Preservation Offices
  • National and international private historical
    organizations (SAR, DAR, Society of the
    Cincinnati, Souvenir Français, W3R Committees,
    and others)
  • Local historical societies
  • Non-profit groups devoted to historical education
    and interpretation
  • Recreation and tourism agencies and businesses
  • Interested individuals
  • Owners of key sites and structures
  • Elected officials and constituents of areas
    traversed by the Route

8
Historical Summary
  • French General Rochambeau, sailed into Newport,
    Rhode Island with an
  • army of 5,300. The army marched through Rhode
    Island
  • and Connecticut, in June and July of 1781, and
    joined Washingtons
  • Continental Army in Philipsburg, New York.
    Abandoning the idea of
  • attacking New York, held by the British under
    General Clinton, they devised
  • instead a southern campaign to attack General
    Cornwallis in Yorktown. In
  • August and September, the two armies marched
    through New Jersey,
  • Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland and Virginia,
    reaching the battlefield in
  • late September. Together they attacked and held
    under siege the British-
  • fortified town while a French fleet under the
    command of Admiral
  • De Grasse blocked the Chesapeake Bay to
    reinforcements or sea escape.
  • On October 19, 1781, after three weeks of siege,
    General Cornwallis
  • surrendered, marking Yorktown as one of the most
    decisive American
  • victories in the War for Independence. Shortly
    afterwards, Washington and
  • the Continentals departed to defend northern
    posts. Rochambeau and his army
  • wintered in Williamsburg, then marched back in
    the summer of 1782. While
  • small contingents left for France the following
    year, the bulk of
  • Rochambeaus army sailed from Boston on Christmas
    Eve.

9
Significance Themes
  • The route as an integral component of the
    Yorktown Campaign, inseparable from the siege
    itself.
  • The role of the Franco-American Alliance in
    winning the War for American Independence.
  • The building and strengthening of the Continental
    Army from the shared marches and battle with the
    French Army.
  • The return march, in victory, as catalyst and
    symbol for the states coming together as a
    nation.
  • The role of General George Washington as military
    strategist and leader.

10
The Route
  • Newport RIYorktown VA
  • ...and back to Boston
  • Segments
  • 1) Newport to Philipsburg, NY
  • 2) to Chester, PA
  • 3) to Yorktown, VA the Siege
  • 4) Winter Quarters
  • 5) Yorktown to Boston

11
Types of Resources
  • Road Segments
  • Campsites
  • Associated Sites
  • Buildings Structures
  • Commemorative Monuments Signs

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Road Segments where the troops marched
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  • Road Segments
  • vestiges of the march

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  • Campsites approximately 75 on the way to
    Yorktown, at least 20 more on the return march

15
  • Associates Sites open spaces other than
    campsites used by the armies drilling grounds,
    burial grounds

16
  • Associates Sites cultural landscapes,
    archaeological remains, historic views

17
  • Buildings Structures officers lodging and
    other buildings used by the armies

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  • Buildings
  • Structures

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  • Buildings
  • Structures

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  • Commemorative Monuments Signs
  • recognition of the Route,
  • its events and leaders,
  • by succeeding generations

21
  • Commemorative Monuments Signs

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For Discussion
  • Comments?
  • Additional documentation?
  • Additional Themes?
  • Potential Partnerships?
  • See Project Information sheet for contacts.
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