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Title: Energy Markets Overview, Strategies and New Developments


1
Energy Markets Overview, Strategies and New
Developments
  • June 5th, 2008
  • Jon F Sorenson
  • Partner
  • Competitive Energy Services, LLC

2
The Solution to High Energy Prices?
3
Overview of Presentation
  • Brief Review of CES
  • Current Energy Market Conditions
  • Procurement Strategies
  • Customer results throughout
  • New Issues in NEPOOL
  • Green Power and Carbon Footprints

4
Competitive Energy Services Overview
  • CES is an Energy Services Company
  • Represents the end user, the customer in their
    management and procurement of energy
  • We assist and guide the customer during these
    difficult and volatile times in the energy
    market, which brings focus and value to the
    customer
  • End result yields cost containment, potential
    savings, sound and justifiable economics and most
    importantly peace of mind

5
Competitive Energy Services
Procuring Electricity, Nat Gas, Oil, Propane, etc
.
Full Service Energy Customers Growing Rapidly
Energy Procurement Customers 20,000
Energy Consulting Services
Cogen, Assets eval, Conversion Analysis, Reg
ulatory,
Etc
Procurement, Strategy, Budgets Arbitrage
3 Wind Projects, REC analysis And Purchase
100 Renewable, Hydro Electric Residential
Maine Renewable Energy Retail Green 2,800
Renewables Wind RECs Carbon Footprint
Small Commercial Program 7,000
Fixed Price Power and Nat Gas Small Commercial
6
Competitive Energy Services
  • Licensed Agent, Aggregator/Customer
    Representative, Consultant, Broker
  • ME, MA, NH, CT, NY, MD, TX, IL, NB, NS
  • Retail Electric Provider
  • ME, Green Power
  • Residential
  • Small Commercial
  •  
  •  

7
  CES Services
  • Energy Markets (Electricity, Oil, Gas, Propane)
  • Market monitoring and procurement
  • Energy forecasting and strategies
  • Natural gas nomination and scheduling
  • Supply contract negotiation
  • Hedging and Arbitrage strategies where
    applicable
  • Utility relations and negotiations
  • Alternate generation analysis and management
  • Conversion analysis for equipment upgrades and/or
    commodity changes
  • Carbon and renewal management
  • Market information services

8
Competitive Energy Services
  • 20,000 Business, Commercial and Industrial
    accounts in Maine, NH, NY, CT, MA, Texas and
    Atlantic, Canada new office in IL
  • Texas formerly managed P3 largest aggregation
    in the country includes City of Dallas Harris
    County (Hou) now manage FW School District
  • Up to 6 billion kWh of electricity annually
  • Over 1,000,000 barrels of oil and and 20 million
    dths ( 20 bcf) of natural gas
  • This equates to in excess of 750 million in
    annual commodity value for our customers

9
CES Customers Include
10
Competitive Energy Services
  • Full Service Customers
  • Pratt Whitney
  • Juniper Networks
  • OConnell Companies
  • New England Fertilizer
  • Springfield Technical Community College
  • Dartmouth College
  • Bowdoin College
  • Amherst College
  • The University of Maine
  • The Jackson Laboratory
  • Eastern Maine and Maine Health System member
    hospitals and Medical Centers

11
Relationships w/ Suppliers
  • Agreements with over 35 Competitive Suppliers
    across NA
  • Most Suppliers are Investment Grade
  • Irving Oil Dominion Gexa (FPL)
  • Hess Energy Strategic Energy Constellation
    NewEnergy
  • TransCanada Integrys Energy Suez (Tractabel)
  • Sempra Direct Energy ConEdison Solutions
  • Sprague Energy Global Energy Pepco Energy
  • Champion Reliant Energy Green Mountain Power
  • Process flow is detailed, communicative, very
    efficient
  • CES fees are uniform across all Suppliers
  • Savings flow back to customers direct to
    bottom line
  • Continuous feedback to Suppliers
  • Improves market liquidity and transparency
  • Suppliers know to be aggressive in this
    competitive process

12
Acknowledged Industry Leader
  • Our partners have more than 100 years in the
    energy business and have been at the vanguard of
    the industry
  • We have extensive involvement in utility
    regulation and deregulation across the country
  • We procure over 750 million of energy
    commodities annually for over 20,000 commercial
    and industrial accounts

13
Todays Energy Markets
  • Todays energy markets relentless and volatile
  • Record prices of crude oil, 80 - 100 per bl
    now peaking as high at 135 per bbl
  • High natural gas prices breaking through 12 per
    mmbtu despite ok fundamentals (demand,
    production, crude and storage)
  • Is there relief ??
  • If so when?
  • Warmest winter in 2005/2006 in 100 years
    2006/2007 warm January Cold Feb!
  • 2007/2008 real winter
  • How deep? How broad?
  • We must now consider
  • Hurricanes, Summer, Next Winter

14
Todays Energy Markets
  • What is causing this change?
  • Demand - US, China, India, Brazil
  • Tight and/or controlled supply
  • Terrorism / Political Unrest (Geo-politics)
  • Weather
  • Media Scrutiny
  • Technical market no longer
  • fundamental
  • Indexes
  • Financial Houses
  • Premium paid for peace
  • What will bring prices down?
  • Supply Improvements (oil/gas)
  • Infrastructure improvements?
  • Demand slow down - prices can not be absorbed in
    marketplace
  • Recession or Govt involvement
  • No heat, no hurricanes, no cold?

15
China The Black Hole?
  • Is China a black hole with unlimited demand?
  • Industrialization
  • Making the worlds products
  • US and Germany
  • Commercialization
  • An internal revolution with demand to westernize
  • Autos
  • Electricity
  • Hydro and Nuclear
  • Other
  • 1.3 billion people
  • Olympics
  • Show case to the world!
  • Currency
  • Manipulated
  • Subsidized
  • New Efficiency Improvement Demands
  • Government requiring improvements for all
    territories

16
The Technical Market
  • How much are the financial markets driving
    prices?
  • Dollar Devaluation
  • How much per bbl of oil?
  • Other currencies
  • Speculators
  • Taking positions on both sides of the market
  • Hedge Funds, Pension Funds
  • Positions on oil and commodities instead of
    monetary based funds
  • Fundamentals or Financial?
  • Both

17
Weather Scrutiny and Reality
18
Weather Scrutiny and Reality
19
Weather Scrutiny and Reality
20
Weather and its effects
Weather Monitoring Buoy
21
Current Energy Markets
  • Energy Markets remain unstable and as a result
    price volatility is the single most important
    issue today driven by tight production
    conditions, political and regulatory risks and
    hedge fund activities
  • Energy prices remain high
  • Crude oil prices are in the 100 - 135 per bbl
    range
  • Natural gas commodity prices are in the 8 - 12
    per MMBTU for a 12 month NYMEX strip despite
    strong fundamentals (demand, production, and
    storage)
  • Strong demand for coal has put upward pressure on
    coal prices (prices have doubled)
  • Electricity prices are following suit
  • International funds are investing into
    commodities

22
Crude Oil Trends
23
Crude Oil Trends
24
Crude Oil Trends
25
Crude Oil Trends
26
Crude Oil Recent Trends
27
Crude Oil Recent Trends
28
Crude Oil Recent Trends
29
Natural Gas Price Trends
Natural Gas Data as of May 19, 2008
30
Natural Gas Price Trends
31
Natural Gas Trends
32
Natural Gas Shorter Trends
33
Natural Gas Shorter Trends
34
Surprisingly Long-Term Prices are more favorable
thanShort-Term Prices
35
Surprisingly Long-Term Prices are more favorable
thanShort-Term PricesMay 19, 2008
36
One year forward is more flat though decline
after the winterMay 19, 2008
37
Long-Term Prices are more favorable
thanShort-Term PricesMarch 17, 2008
38
Natural Gas fundamentals remain very strong aswe
are now in the heating season (recent drop below
record levels)
Working Gas in Underground Storage Compared with
5-Year Range
Source U.S. DOE - Energy Information Agency
05/29/08
39
Natural Gas fundamentals remain very strong aswe
are now in the heating season (recent drop below
record levels)
Working Gas in Underground Storage Compared with
5-Year Range
Source U.S. DOE - Energy Information Agency
05/15/08
40
Natural Gas fundamentals coming out of the
heating season (recent drop below record levels)
Working Gas in Underground Storage Compared with
5-Year Range
Source U.S. DOE - Energy Information Agency
03/13/08
41
View from November, 2007Natural Gas fundamentals
were very strong aswe head into the heating
season (forecast was above normal)
Working Gas in Underground Storage Compared with
5-Year Range
Source U.S. DOE - Energy Information Agency
11/01/07
42
Market Volatility
  • Reserves of oil and natural gas have remained
    largely unchanged over the past 2 decades, even
    though oil consumption has grown significantly
  • Production capacity, however, has not kept up
    with worldwide demand
  • Asian demand plus limited production expansion
    has put many small oil-producing countries at
    the margin with respect to worldwide oil supply
  • As a result, even small disruptions to supply can
    have major impacts of prices

43
The Stock of oil has remained largely
unchangedrelative to consumption.
44
Similarly, the Stock of Natural Gas has
remainedlargely unchanged over the past 25 years.
45
Since 1978, virtually all of the increase in
oilconsumption has occurred in Asia
46
There is a very fragile global balance between
energydemand and energy supply that will
continue tocreate market volatility
  • Demand Continued industrialization of China and
    India will drive worldwide demand for energy
  • Supply Non-OPEC countries have no spare
    production capacity. Only Saudi Arabia has spare
    production capacity and this is less than 2
    million barrels per day
  • New Supply Barely adequate to keep up with
    growth in demand

47
Oil to Nat Gas Comparison
48
Oil to Nat Gas Comparison
49
Oil to Nat Gas Comparison
50
Oil and Natural Gas Thoughts
  • Oil
  • Supply and Demand
  • Speculation
  • E P Drilling, Fields
  • Refining
  • Issues
  • Natural Gas
  • Supply
  • Rockies
  • LNG
  • Demand
  • Short, Mid and Long-term
  • Tracking Crude
  • Price
  • Issues

Oil Drilling and Refining
Natural Gas - LNG
51
Procurement/Purchasing
  • Purchasing Strategies
  • Strategy Implementation
  • Budget developed
  • Product discussion
  • Risk Assessment vs Budget Assurance
  • Strategy sign off
  • Strike price
  • Action - Able to ACT on short notice
  • Process must be in place
  • Timeliness is critical
  • Customer Savings - Containment Examples
  • Electricity Purchase
  • Prices have ranged from 0.074 per kWh to 0.09
    per kWh
  • Savings against electricity budget ranges from
    20,000 to 500,000
  • Savings against existing electricity agreement
    approx 20,000 to 750,000
  • One customer savings against 2007 standard offer
    prices 633,100
  • Savings against real-time market pricing,
    approximately 0 to 175,000 no risk, no
    credit
  • Natural Gas hedging has yielded large savings as
    well

Market Monitoring Understand Data
  • The time to act through sound market
    understanding - is below the trend line. Many CES
    customers were successful in accomplishing this
    crucial task

52
Budget and Hedging Strategies
53
Budget and Hedging Strategies
54
Procurement Strategies
  • Electricity
  • Fixed Price
  • Replacement of All or Full Requirements Contracts
    (fixed price)
  • Strike Price approach to Fixed or All
    Requirements Contracts
  • Heat Rate Contracts
  • Block Pricing w/ Market Settlement
  • Real-time - Purchase at the Spot Market Price
  • Supplier or
  • ISO-NE direct

55
Electricity Procurement
  • Fixed Price
  • Usage Bandwidths
  • Zero up to 25 percent
  • All requirements
  • Use as much or as little as you would like
  • Pay for the insurance or positioning of the
    product
  • Other Issues
  • Contractual Terms
  • Credit
  • Pass through items
  • RMR
  • LICAP (Now FCM)
  • Other

56
(No Transcript)
57
Strike Price Option
  • Market Realities
  • Difficult (impossible) to time market
    consistently
  • Internal Budget Targets often impose important
    constraints or goals within Company
  • Monitoring Market takes up valuable time and
    resources
  • Strike Price Solution
  • Set a Trigger or Strike Price
  • Execute contract extension as soon as Strike
    Price is achieved

58
Strike Price Option - continued
  • Strike Price
  • First Priority Meet Budget Targets
  • Rule 1 As forward time horizon expands, you
    should be more aggressive on setting Strike
    Price
  • Rule 2 As you get closer to execution date,
    adjust Strike Price upward to reflect market
    conditions
  • Rule 3 Once strategy is adopted, stick to it
    key to strategy is consistency
  • Strike Price Supplier Option
  • A new option in the market is for suppliers to
    offer to pay a certain amount a month for the
    right to exercise a Trigger Price
  • Supplier is betting (hoping) on the market price
    falling below the trigger price to recover the
    payment to the customer. Depending on the
    contractual agreement with certain suppliers, the
    supplier may not be under any obligation to lock
    the trigger, even if the market price hits the
    agreed upon trigger

59
Electricity - Heat Rate
  • Heat Rates are?
  • A power plants efficiency in converting fuel to
    electricity
  • The number of btus required to generate a kWh of
    power
  • The lower the heat rate the more efficient the
    power plant tends to be
  • Heat Rates ease of use
  • Product offers end-users the ability to link
    power prices with natural gas indexes
  • Typical index New York Mercantile Exchange
    (NYMEX)
  • Electricity Price can vary based on the
    following
  • Variable electricity price settlement with nat
    gas settlement
  • Hedging lock in a portion of the load or months
    based on usage patterns and/or market conditions
  • Retail adder will include ancillaries, line
    losses, environmental, shaping (load
    following/balancing), etc.
  • Product is more attractive in a downward trend of
    nat gas prices
  • Heat Rate Risks
  • Product is tied to natural gas market (note all
    electricity in NE is tied to nat gas market)
  • Market Monitoring is a key for locking in nat gas
    each month or via a hedge
  • The higher heat rate (e.g. a 10 heat rate), every
    1.00 per mmbtu in nat gas prices will have a 10
    per MWh impact on your energy bill

60
Electricity - Heat Rate
  • How to calculate heat rate and a correlating
    electricity price

Electricity Price (9.7 X 7.80) 9.50
85.16 per MWh
Equals 0.08516 per kWh
Note price does not include FCM or RMR
61
Define Strike Prices
62
Heat Rate Strategy Example
63
Heat Rate Strategy Example
64
Electricity Blocks
  • By selecting Blocks that are close to average
    hourly usage, the settlement of longs and shorts
    exposes certain customers to very little risk
  • Industrial (24x7) type load
  • Load that is not weather sensitive
  • Load that is otherwise interruptible
  • Load that is stable

65
Electricity - Block Illustration
66
Spot Market Real-time and Day Ahead
  • Options are to work with supplier or go direct to
    NE-ISO
  • ISO
  • Credit oriented pay in advance for power,
    payment every 10-days
  • Settlement daily balancing and financial
    settlement rolled up per month
  • Supplier relationship
  • Charges flat monthly fee or minimal fee per kWh
    to administer relationship.
  • All energy and energy related products, including
    line losses, are purchased at spot market prices
    or administratively set clearing prices.
  • NOTE In Maine PUC requires suppliers to provide
    warning to customers of the risks inherent in
    buying electricity at the spot market price.

67
Spot Market Real-time and Day Ahead
Actual Maine Customer January 2005 forward
Katrina
Rita
Prices do not include ancillaries, RMR, nor FCM
0.1300
0.11437
0.10147
0.1100
0.09664 Offer
Price ( /kwh )
0.0900
CMP Std Offer
Competitive Supply
ISO Day Ahead
0.0700
0.0574
ISO Real Time
CMP Price Lock
0.0500
Jul-05
Jul-06
Jan-05
Apr-05
Jun-05
Oct-05
Jan-06
Apr-06
Jun-06
Oct-06
Jan-07
Feb-05
Mar-05
May-05
Aug-05
Sep-05
Nov-05
Dec-05
Feb-06
Mar-06
May-06
Aug-06
Sep-06
Nov-06
Dec-06
Feb-07
0.0300
Date Line
Note analysis conducted by Freedom Energy
Partners, LLC
68
Spot MarketReal-time and Day-ahead Pricing
  • Issues with real-time and day-ahead
  • Costs that are passed through and not shown
  • Standard costs - 7 to 12 per MWh
  • Ancillaries
  • Line losses
  • Renewables
  • Margin or fees
  • New Regulatory Costs
  • FCM - 5 to 15 per MWh
  • RMR - 0 to 7 per MWh
  • Market volatility risks
  • Costs - spikes
  • Weather
  • Hurricanes
  • Extreme temperatures
  • Other

69
Real Time and Day Ahead Prices
70
Real Time and Day Ahead Prices
71
Real Time and Day Ahead Prices
72
Real-time and Day-ahead PricingCES services
  • Services with real-time and day-ahead
  • Cost Analysis
  • Real-time/day ahead NEPOOL vs Supplier
  • Real-time/day-ahead versus other products
  • Risk Analysis
  • NEPOOL vs Suppliers
  • Dollars at risk vs ability to hedge
  • Day to day services
  • Schedule and nominating electricity
  • Audit of bills
  • Event notification
  • Market notification and information
  • Attend applicable meetings
  • File applicable reports

73
Electricity Procurement
  • CES Scorecard
  • Algorithm with natural gas and oil data points
  • Proves market should be monitored and electricity
    procured in shorter terms
  • Strategy states that terms in shorter increments
    helps in managing risk and to purchase during
    downward trends
  • Key is to be happy and satisfied - not greedy

74
Procurement Strategies
  • Oil and Propane
  • Market based
  • Buy fuel and pay the price at the time of either
    purchased or delivered
  • Lock or fixed
  • Lock in a certain amount of load
  • Monthly, annual or seasonal
  • Hedging
  • Base load for certain terms
  • Over lay market product or other products
  • Btu contracts
  • Gas vs Oil
  • Arbitrage

The key to the process is to peel the onion,
index the oil price, focus on transport and
adders - providing complete transparency to the
process
75
  2005 0il Strategy
   
  • Oil Strategy revised for large hospital and
    university during 3rd Quarter 2005
  • Strategy at the time seemed to fit the market
  • The market continued relentlessly upward
    reaching 70 per bbl
  • Do we revise once again and buckle to senior
    management??!!
  • Focus on patience/sticking to the strategy!
    RESULTS SAVED OVER 25 PERCENT!

The revised Oil Strategy was focused on a 50
to 55 per bbl
   
76
  2006 2007 0il Strategy
   
  • Oil Strategy for large Hospital Association and
    Large College in 2006
  • Presented to Senior management CFOs and Facility
    Directors
  • Oil was approaching 80 per bbl
  • Many were scared/concerned and locking in at
    2.50 per gallon
  • CES recommended to remain calm during the
    process
  • Results
  • College locked in distillate oil (2 heating oil)
    at 1.92 per gallon
  • Savings against budget - 25,000
  • Savings against market panic _at_ 2.50 per gallon -
    125,000
  • Savings against System lock (2.15 per gallon) -
    48,000

   
77
Budget and Hedging Strategies
Hedge Natural Gas and potentially sell ½ for
2.50 profit per dth, reduces overall fuel price
78
Fuel Strategies
  • Hedges and overlays
  • Overlay risk and security positions over months
    and seasons
  • Multi-tiered approach blending hedges and spot
    market to meet budget requirements

79
Procurement Strategies
  • Natural Gas
  • Basis
  • Price above an indexed price, typically NYMEX
  • Load following, balancing, capacity, margin
  • Fixed Price
  • Set or allotted amount of gas
  • Swing up or down based on variance and either
    daily or monthly settlements
  • Full load or percentage of load
  • Variable
  • Market based monthly settlement, typically
    NYMEX
  • Daily
  • Ride the market
  • Daily settlement at a liquidity or reference point

80
Account is a process load with a winter heating
demand overlay
Customer Swing Defined With settlement (Monthl
y)
Lowest Bids
81
Natural Gas Dailies
Highs and lows more reflective of real market
conditions
82
Dailies Three Winters(January and February
2004 2006)
83
Dailies Natural Gas(Prices May 20, 2008
Liquidity Pts)
Dracut and Tetco M3
Transco Z6 Non NY
84
Action on Fuel Switching and Comparison
85
Price Comparison for fuel purchase
Natural Gas Conversion Analysis comparing
Natural Gas to 2 Oil products
Facilities Building Savings with current market c
onditions has increased from 32k per year to
56,000 per year
86
Price Comparison for fuel purchase
87
Fuel Savings at Steam PlantToday
88
Procurement Strategies What to do?
  • Understand your risk tolerance
  • Risk vs reward?
  • Make a market assessment
  • High prices
  • How high?
  • Relief
  • Finance internal discussion
  • Budget Assurance
  • Product Discussion
  • Electricity fixed, heat rate, block and index,
    index, etc
  • Nat Gas fixed, dailies, combinations
  • Terms
  • Long
  • Short

89
New Issues in NEPOOL
  • There are four new issues in NEPOOL that are
    having or will begin to have an impact on the
    electricity prices you pay
  • Reliability Must Run (RMR)
  • Forward Capacity Markets (FCM)
  • Transmission Upgrades
  • Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI)

90
Reliability Must Run (RMR)
  • ISO-NE request that certain generators operate in
    order to ensure system reliability
  • Required to meet the reliability criteria for
    interconnected systems operation
  • Needed to meet load (demand) in constrained areas
    and provide voltage and/or security support for
    the ISO System
  • In return for payment, generators agree to be
    dispatched in order to meet system requirements
  • SEMA and NEMA are the biggest demand areas
  • Prices have ranged from as little as 0.000 per
    kWh to as much as 0.009 per kWh

91
Regulatory Developments Summary
  • FCM (Formerly LICAP)
  • Changes the way generators are paid for the
    capacity value they provide to the market.
  • Policy is to provide incentives to generators to
    build new capacity in congested or capacity
    starved areas (MA/CT)
  • Policy is also to force end users to shed load
    during peak
  • The ISO proposal will impose a charge of
    approximately
  • 3.05 kW/month 12/01/06 to 05/31/07
    (implemented Dec 06)
  • 3.75 kW/month 6/01/07 5/31/08
  • 4.10 kW/month by mid 2009
  • Charges for customers range from 0.005 to 0.015
    per kWh
  • System Peak or OP4 Events
  • A July 22nd peak in 2005
  • Fiscal year July 1st charge
  • Set August 2nd 133pm hour EST 2006 (1400)
  • Set August 3rd 243pm hour EST 2007 (1500)

92
Load Response Programs
  • ISO-NE has established demand response programs
    to permit customers to reduce capacity payments
    by interrupting load when called upon by ISO-NE.
  • Amount of payment is equal to what customer would
    otherwise pay as capacity charge so customer is
    left harmless to FCM.
  • Programs are very attractive during Transition
    Period may become less attractive during
    Auction Period, as frequency of being called upon
    could increase considerably.

93
LRP enables a customer that can interrupt load
tooffset FCM Charges it would otherwise face
Reduction of about 16 MW for this one 3 hour
period will save this customer about 800K in FCM
Charges in 2008
ISO-NE Peak Load for 2007 set at HE 15 on August
3rd
94
Regulatory Developments Actions
  • Load Response Program
  • Revenue program compensation for agreeing to
    reduce load
  • Fire drill, audit, and actual
  • Revenue based
  • FCM tag is reconstituted
  • Self Help Program
  • During ISO event shed load to reduce capacity tag

  • Cost Containment
  • Issues to consider
  • Grid parallel
  • Air Emissions
  • Liability

95
Actions and Estimated Results
  • Self Help Program Example UMaine
  • Communication between UMaine and CES
  • Timing of actual hours predicted and
    communicated
  • Campus team makes effort to shed load across
    campus
  • Results
  • The New Sub reduced load from its 2006 capacity
    tag of 5,643.11 KW of peak demand to 500.8 KW of
    peak demand, a estimated load shed of 637.61 KW
    of shed load
  • The Steam Plant reduced load from its 2006
    capacity tag of 2,280.68 KW of peak load during
    the system peak, to an estimated 1,641.36 KW of
    peak demand, shedding an estimated total of
    639.32 KW
  • Total estimated load shed during system peak hour
    1,276.63 KW
  • Total estimated/projected savings
  • 60,742.06 annualized
  • Run Rate Projections
  • Assuming increased demand of 10 percent
  • Savings is closer to 70,000 annually

96
Transmission Upgrades
  • Transmission charges are embedded in rates
    charged by CMP or BHE for Delivery Service
    Open Access Transmission Tariff or OATT
  • OATT charges are the same regardless of where you
    obtain your electricity.
  • OATT charges have been relatively small less
    than 10/MWh for all customers

97
Transmission Upgrades 2
  • There are significant transmission upgrades and
    expansions that ISO-NE has approved up to 10.0
    billion.
  • Most of these are designed to improve reliability
    in CT, VT and MA and to move less expensive power
    to customers in these regions.
  • Cost of upgrades is socialized across all load
    in NEPOOL OATT rates are projected to increase
    by 80 over the next few years.

98
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
  • The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative is a
    multi-state agreement entered into by all
    northeastern states from Maine to Maryland.
  • Purpose is to reduce the amount of GHG emissions
    from power plants in the region.
  • Caps the tons of GHG emissions for each state.
  • Each State has some discretion in how it
    administers the RGGI Program.

99
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
  • All fossil fuel power plants in the RGGI states
    must purchase RGGI certificates from its state
    for each ton of GHG emitted.
  • States use money from sale of RGGIs to fund
    energy conservation efforts.
  • The cost of a RGGI is added to the cost of
    generating electricity.
  • We estimate that the RGGI Program will increase
    the cost of electricity by about 5 per MWh in
    2009.

100
Green Power
  • Supply Options
  • On-site supply primarily solar
  • Long-term off-take agreements with renewable
    energy developers.
  • By wire products offered by competitive
    energy providers.
  • RECs Renewable Energy Credits

The costs of these various options range from
almost insignificant to very expensive
understanding the costs is essential for informed
decision making in this area.
101
Green Power continued
  • Costs of RECs
  • NJ Solar RECs 260.00
  • MA RECs 55.00
  • CT Class I 54.00
  • NJ Class I 22.00
  • ERCOT (TX) Wind 3.30
  • Green-E National Wind 3.75
  • Green-E Any Tech. 3.00
  • Maine RPS .50

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Green Power continued
  • We are seeing upward pressure on market-based
    RECs as more companies are meeting their carbon
    footprint objectives through the purchase of
    RECs. For example, Green-E, National Wind prices
    are
  • 2008 Q1/2 4.40
  • 2008 Q3/4 5.25
  • 2009 Q1/2 5.75
  • 2009 Q3/4 6.25

103
Green and Reduction Initiatives
  • CES can assist you in many green initiatives,
    such as
  • Energy Management
  • Demand Side Management
  • Load Response
  • Energy Efficiency
  • ESCO management
  • Audit Trail
  • Conversion Analysis and Management
  • ROI
  • Alternate Generation
  • ROI
  • REC purchases
  • Carbon Management

104
Carbon Footprints and Management
  • CES now offers two new products to help you
    assess and manage your companys or institutions
    carbon footprint.

105
  • Establish Baseline Greenhouse Gas (GHG)
    emissions
  • Measure GHG emissions overtime against Baseline
    to assess performance in attaining corporate GHG
    emission reduction goals
  • Evaluate the potential benefits and associated
    costs of corporate strategies and policies
    designed to reduce GHG emission

106
  • Measures your GHG emissions over time and
    compares them with corporate goals and
    objectives
  • Report format that is ready to disseminate to
    customers, employees, stockholders or other
    constituency groups.
  • Shows Changes against Baseline
  • Reports total GHG emissions and emissions per
    unit of operations, e.g., employees, square
    footage, customers, revenues or sales

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  • Identifies a broad range of strategies that a
    company can implement to reduce GHG emissions
  • Calculates the cost of implementing each GHG
    reduction strategy
  • Compares the cost-effectiveness of alternative
    GHG reduction strategies
  • Develops a set of GHG strategies that meets
    overall corporate goals and objectives in the
    most cost-effective manner.

110
  • Easy to use but provides powerful results
  • Input requirements are minimized and input
    screens are logical and easy to complete
  • Reports are clear, easy to understand and ready
    to disseminate within your company

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UMaine Annual Emissions Analysis - Comparison
114
Fuel Switching EmissionsBenefits/Reductions
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