Support Africas efforts to attain sustainable tourism that contributes to social, economic and infra

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• Support Africas efforts to attain sustainable
  tourism that contributes to social, economic and
  infrastructure development through the following
  measures

(d) Assisting host communities in managing
their tourism projects for maximum benefit, while
limiting negative impact on their traditions,
culture and environment
(a) Implementing projects at the local,
national and sub-regional levels, with specific
emphasis on marketing African tourism products,
such as adventure tourism, eco-tourism and
cultural tourism
(b) Establishing and supporting national and
cross-border conservation areas to promote
ecosystem conservation according to the ecosystem
approach, and to promote sustainable tourism
(c) Respecting local traditions and cultures and
promoting the use of indigenous knowledge in
natural resource management and eco-tourism
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Current Planned Tourism Growth in Sub-Saharan
Africa
According to WTO
1990-95 Average annual growth - 6.2 (Southern
Africa 24.2 / Eastern Africa 10.8)
Projected annual growth to 2020 / Africa 5.5
Total tourist arrivals in Sub-Saharan Africa to
increase from 27 million (2000) to 47 Million
(2010) to 77 million (2020)
Africas share of global arrivals to increase
from 3.6 to 5.0
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Tourism in Sub-Saharan AfricaPositive Negative
Features

• Negative
• Environmental impacts (pollution, coastal
  erosion, habitat loss modification, etc.)
• Social impacts (loss of culture, values
  heritage, etc.)

• Positive
• Contribution to socio-economic development
• Investment promotion
• Economic growth
• Employment creation
• Poverty alleviation

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Senegal
Tourism industry annual growth rate of about
10 over past 30 years - ranks as the 2nd
industry in terms of foreign exchange earnings
contributes about 3 to GDP
Most tourism development based on the coastal
zone, but there has been limited environmental
management
An urgent need for improved planning
diversification of the tourism sector
While attention is being given to the development
of tourism, especially in coastal areas, far less
attention is being given to social
environmental impacts.
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Congo Brazzaville

• Assets Potential
• Diversified natural assets beaches, forest,
  canyons, cultural heritage
• Active port and city of Pointe Noire
• Range of functions fishing game, hunting,
  health fitness, spiritual religious events,
  music and food festivals

• Weakness
• Coastal erosion
• Lack of strategic plan
• Lack of professional training
• Lack of consistent marketing

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Gambia

• Tourism industry - a leading sector in the
  economy, - direct indirect benefits estimated
  at 12 of GDP

• Increased pressure on coastal beaches as result
  of rapid expansion intensification of the
  tourist industry

• Most hotels ( beach bars/restaurants) - situated
  along coastal area north of Serekunda - with
  around 20 hotels along a 10km stretch of beach

• Tourism/related activities impact on coastal
  vegetation due to construction of
  lodges/tourist camps along estuaries large
  areas of mangrove being removed

• Tourism development has changed much of the
  natural habitat from Cape Point South to Bijilo
  Nuimi National Park (proposed Ramsar site)
  under pressure.

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Ghana
Tourism - emergent industry contributing an est.
US400m to GDP - poor sanitation management of
human wastes in coastal settlements could
adversely affect patronage of beaches by tourists
Sewage pollution from major cities (e.g. Abidjan)
has resulted in algal blooms on the western coast
of Ghana - creating serious problems for
artisanal fishermen reduces the aesthetic value
of the beaches
Historic city of Ada - a major tourist attraction
- lost 150m of land as result of coastal erosion
over the past 45 years
Government projects contribution of tourism to
gross GDP to rise from 3.9 in 2000 to 7.4 in
2010 - further coastal degradation could put
tourists at risk result in non-achievement of
targets.
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Kenya
Damage to coral reefs as result of boating, reef
walking collection of shells ornamental fish
for the tourist market
With the exception of protected areas, most coral
reef areas along the coast are under pressure
from over-exploitation
Pollution from coastal urban centres, including
Mombassa, due to poor waste management and
inadequate or non-existent waste disposal
facilities infrastructure
Unplanned development of coastal hotels with
major impacts on shorelines coastal habitats
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Tanzania
Limited impacts so far - but recent construction
of large coastal resort hotels resulting in
greater pressure on resources (i.e. drinking
water bathing beaches
Garbage accumulating on beaches due to inadequate
waste disposal systems
Ocean disposal of sewage from hotels threatens
resources tourists have come to enjoy
contamination of seafood
With anticipated further growth of coastal
tourism - future development of infrastructure
must be well-planned regulated
Critical issues- need for EIAs control limit
development in sensitive areas establishment of
setbacks buffer zones
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Mozambique
Tourism - one of fastest-recovering sectors of
the economy - but poor development of
infrastructure unsustainable tourism practices
pose a major threat
Many areas in southern Mozambique experiencing
pressure due to uncontrolled tourism development
Sites of natural beauty important biodiversity
resources - Inhaca Island Matutuine - plans for
developing a large tourism industry that could
threaten endemism
Bazaruto Archipelago- tourism development may
exceed carrying capacity / Marromeu Zambezi
Delta wetlands-important sites in tourism areas
Conflicts over natural resource utilization -
where corals mangroves under threat from
tourism development
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South Africa
Tourism industry - more developed than elsewhere
in SSA - visitor arrivals over 6m in 2000 -
generating R 53 b employment of around 574,000
people domestic tourists estimated at 17m per
year
Tourism industry diversified- but coastal
marine areas a major attraction - resources under
threat severely degraded in many areas - mainly
a result of over harvesting rapid urban
development / population growth
Loss of ecosystem integrity - result of
deteriorating marine water quality/pollution
resource decline due to over-exploitation,
habitat loss, fragmentation reduced freshwater
flow into estuaries
With increase in coastal resort development since
the end of apartheid - pressure will increase as
Government focusing on job creation by targeting
sectors such as tourism.
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The Need for Policy Responses
Negative impacts of tourism on the coastal
marine environment result from, or exacerbated by
a combination of factors -

• Inadequate policy and/or legislative frameworks
• Inadequate /or ineffective planning /or
  monitoring systems
• Inadequate institutional capacity and
• Low sensitivity and/or low level of awareness of
  resource users.

Need for a comprehensive and effective regulatory
framework highlighted in a number of countries -
in countries that have started to develop a
framework for sustainable tourism, the need to
strengthen such polices and strategies a key
priority
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African Process - Priorities for Action
(b) Promotion of environmental sustainability
within the tourism industry through
public-private partnerships for voluntary
introduction of environmental management systems
by coastal hotels
(a) National policy and strategy frameworks to
promote environmental sustainability in the
tourism industry within the wider context of
coastal zone management
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Priorities for Action / continued
(c) Policy strategy frameworks to guide
ecotourism development that (a) ensures the
maintenance of the structure functioning of
ecosystems (b) integrates interrelates with
other developments in areas where they take
place and (c) provides fair equitable sharing
of benefits
(d) Development of management strategies for
sustainable reef recreation