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Building Metadata Infrastructure

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from META tags to metadata schema. the XML revolution (don't forget HTML! ... page ranking via citations ( backlinks'), anchors', & proximity algorithms ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Building Metadata Infrastructure


1
  • Building Metadata Infrastructure
  • National Library of New ZealandNovember 26th
    2003
  • Jon Mason jmason_at_educationau.edu.au

2
Presentation structure
  • Who
  • When
  • What
  • Why
  • Where
  • How

players stakeholders historical
context dimensions of metadata the bigger
picture case-studies the tricky details!
3
(No Transcript)
4
When Historical Context
  • Growth of the information economy
  • Organizing information on the Web
  • directories, search engines, portals
  • from META tags to metadata schema
  • the XML revolution (dont forget HTML!)
  • RDF the Semantic Web (next generation)
  • Intersecting domains
  • information services
  • e-learning lifelong learning
  • performance support
  • human resource development

5
What Metadata Infrastructure
  • Two characteristics
  • Conceptual semantic
  • Technical
  • Information superhighway
  • Metadata like the street signs
  • Metadata standards like the road rules
  • Accommodates content process
  • Two main uses
  • Machine-to-machine interoperability
  • Human consumption

6
What Dimensions of Metadata
  • Surface (e.g, web page last updated)
  • Embedded
  • as HTML META tags
  • as suffixes (.doc, .html, .pdf, .ppt, jpeg, )
  • as custom XML tags (metadata-rich markup)
  • Detached
  • in repositories of catalogued information
  • RDF statements (relationship-rich)
  • RSS channels
  • Formally defined standards protocols
  • Dublin Core (ANSI Z39.85)
  • IEEE LOM (IEEE 1484.1-2002)
  • METS (Metadata Encoding Transmission Standard)

7
What Dimensions of Metadata
an innovation in metadata handling page
ranking via citations (backlinks), anchors,
proximity algorithms
8
What Dimensions (METS)
  • Descriptive (aboutness)
  • Structural
  • linking or organizing content chunks into
    aggregates(printed books are relatively
    self-organizing e-content can have infinitely
    assigned structural maps)
  • Administrative
  • e.g, managing catalogues
  • metadata IP meta-metadata
  • File Groups
  • associating content chunks
  • Behaviour
  • rule-based
  • METS - http//www.loc.gov/standards/mets/

9
Why
  • Organizing managing information
  • for subsequent discovery retrieval
  • to enable data interchange
  • separating content-structure-presentation
  • Tool for the digital economy
  • networked environment (diverse complex)
  • economic value-chains based on value creation
    rather than value extraction
  • Organizing knowledge

10
How Tasks
  • Information modeling
  • classification taxonomy development
  • terminology vocabulary development
  • data-typing
  • referencing authoritative thesauri
  • ontology development
  • topic maps
  • Description Abstract construction
  • Keyword craft
  • controlled vocabularies
  • natural language
  • Index creation
  • Standard schema encodings

11
How Tool Development
  • Many kinds of tools
  • item level metadata assignment
  • batch handling (assignment harvesting)
  • retrospective assignment (Autonomy)
  • topic map generation
  • facilitate schema interoperability (SchemaLogic)
  • taxonomy generators
  • metadata extraction re-processing
  • Content Management Systems
  • RSS
  • Principles
  • automate where possible
  • minimize human intervention

12
http//mapageweb.umontreal.ca/turner/meta/english/
13
Application Profiles
  • Why
  • - Local requirements are sometimes not fully
    accommodated by standard schemas
  • How
  • Extending or Abbreviating existing standards
  • Mixing Matching standards namespaces
  • However! Current practice suggests
    interoperability an issue
  • Where
  • SCHEMAS www.schemas-forum.org/registry/desire/app
    profile.php3
  • CORESwww.cores-eu.net/registry/schema/TLFwww.th
    elearningfederation.edu.au/repo/cms2/tlf/published
    /8519/Metadata_Application_Profile_1_3.pdf

14
Where Case-Studies
  • EdNA Onlinehttp//www.edna.edu.au/search
  • MERLOThttp//www.merlot.org/
  • The Learning Federationhttp//www.thelearningfede
    ration.edu.au
  • RDNhttp//www.rdn.ac.uk/
  • EOE Foundation http//www.eoe.org/

15
Conceptual Challenges
  • What is content?
  • new data-types object-types constantly
    appearing
  • Boundaries
  • Where are the boundaries between content,
    context, learning activities?
  • What are digital objects what are digital
    collections?
  • Where are the boundaries between data,
    information, knowledge?
  • When is a discovery service a directory service
    ( vice versa)?
  • Modeling knowledge
  • extending the scope of metadata assignment use

16
Source Chris Blackall, ANU, 2003
17
Ongoing Questions
  • How best to encode context?
  • separate from content (eg., EML, EAD, EAC)
  • embedded within descriptive metadata?
  • include in Audience descriptions?
  • include in Activity descriptions?
  • Knowledge Management considerations
  • Is completeness of description possible?
  • How to achieve interoperability?
  • DC, ERC, LOM HTML, XML, RDF,
  • Semantic Web (semantics syntax)
  • balancing generalist specific classification

18
  • Questions?
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