Jar Testing Machines Not Just for Making High End Martinis Anymore

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Jar Testing Machines Not Just for Making High
End Martinis Anymore

• Robin Lee, P.E.

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Agenda

• Background Questions
• History
• Modern Day
• Mechanics
• Benefits of jar testing

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Background Questions

• How many people have done a jar test?
• How many people do routine jar tests?
• Why or why not?
• Not trained.
• Time consuming.
• Dont understand how to interpret results.

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Goal of Todays Presentation

• Debunk the numerous reasons/excuses for not
  performing jar test.
• Show jar test value (other than just stirring
  martinis).
• Prove that jar tests are not that hard.
• Illustrate the many reasons why jar tests should
  be done.
• And of course, have a little fun....

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Why Martinis?!?

• The methods to make martinis has been around
  since 1887 and remain relatively the same,
  however
• The ingredients have changed!

Chocolate Martini
Orange Drop Martini
Cherry Bomb
Melon Ball
Appletini
Remy Side Car
Blue Marlin
Sea Breeze
Saketini
Dirty Executive Martini
Sweet and Spicy

• AND WE STILL DRINK MARTINIS!

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How Martinis are Similar to Jar Tests

• The methods to conduct a jar test date back to
  1920s and have stayed relatively the same...
• BUT the ingredients and concepts have changed!

Old Concepts New Concepts Metal Salts
ACH/PACL Polymers Manufactured
polymers Turbidity Total organic
carbon Standard pH pH Adjustment Multiple
tests ChemTrac

• Not grandpas recipe anymore!!

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History

• First jar test run on the Sacramento in the 1920s
• Similar design and methods used today
• Used to be conducted on regular basis.... As much
  as once per week!

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Modern Day

• Many plants rely on the same chemicals and focus
  more on changing dosages and not chemicals
• New employees do not have hands on experience
  with water chemistry
• Many jar test machines collect dust

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Mechanics

• How to run a jar test
• Calibration
• How to interpret results

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How to Run a Jar Test Select Chemicals and Doses

• What has been used in the past
• Try new coagulants, coagulant aids, and/or filter
  aids
• Research new manufactured polymers
• Test a variety of
• coagulants using
• Chemtrac to determine
• how they work on
• raw water

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How to Run a Jar Test Interpreting Chemtrac
Results
-

Optimum dose range is where charge decreases most
drastically
Charge

Dose
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How to Run a Jar Test Run Test

• Fill 6 jars with raw water
• Prepare chemical dosages
• Determine Mixing Times/Energy by mimicking plant
• Example Mixing Scheme
• 1 min 295 rpm (rapid)
• 5 minute 100 rpm
• 5 min 60 rpm
• 5 minute 30 rpm
• Settle for 30 minutes

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How to Run a Jar Test - Calibration
Settling
Flocculation
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 100 s-1
60 s-1 30 s-1
Add filter aids
Filtration
Add polymers/coagulants
Add coagulant aids
Rapid Mix
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How to Run a Jar Test Determining Mixing Scheme
Graph Created by Camp, 2930s
500 400 300 200 100 80 60 50 40 30 20 10
G, s-1
Find energy from plant
Then determine mixing speed from graph

• 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
  100 200
• Speed, rpm

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How to Run a Jar Test Interpretation

• Create record keeping sheet
• Record chemicals and dosages
• Watch for floc formation time and type
• Haze
• Pin
• Heavy
• Best physical floc
• Record filtered water TOC and turbidity

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How to Run a Jar Test Filterability Test

• Sample all or best floc sample
• Filter sample (0.45 µ)
• Test for turbidity and TOC in settled water and
  filtered water

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Flow Chart of Procedures
Inspect each jar for best physical appearance of
floc
Filter and test sample for turbidity and TOC
Start with routine dosing scheme (between
10-30mg/L
Is there a good floc formation?
Run Test
YES
NO
Did the coagulant decrease TOC turbidity?
NO
Try new coagulant dose, coagulant aid, or pH
adjustment
YES
Optimize dosing scheme by a few mg/L.
Optimize until exact dose is determined
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Why Jar Test

• React to changing water conditions and standards
• Optimize coagulation
• Best water quality
• Use less chemicals
• Save money

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The Benefits Shown Graphically
Optimization Saves

Turbidity
Cost Savings

Dose
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Lets Review Todays Message

• You are now trained to run a jar test.
• Jar tests may be time consuming, but considering
  the benefits or money and water quality, it is
  small price to pay.
• You should now understand how to interpret
  results, it can even be qualitative.

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Questions