Symmetries of the Early Universe and the Origin of Matter:

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Symmetries of the Early Universe and the Origin
of Matter
M.J. Ramsey-Musolf Caltech Wisconsin-Madison
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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History

• What were the fundamental symmetries that
  governed the microphysics of the early
  universe?

The (broken) symmetries of the Standard Model of
particle physics work remarkably well at late
times, but they leave many unsolved puzzles
pertaining to the early universe

• Can new symmetries at the weak scale account
  for the origin of matter and how can we find
  out?

A combination of precise low-energy measurements,
high energy collider experiments, dark matter
searches, and theoretical advances will help us
determine if new symmetries at the electroweak
scale can account for the abundance of matter
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Outline

• Motivation Why New Symmetries ? Why Low
  Energy Probes ?
• Brief Interlude Supersymmetry
• Symmetries and the Origin of Matter

• General Considerations
• Theoretical challenges and developments
• Phenomenology in the LHC era and beyond

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Motivation
Why New Symmetries ? Why Low Energy Probes
?
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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History
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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History
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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History
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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History
Puzzles the Standard Model cant solve

• Origin of matter
• Unification gravity
• Weak scale stability
• Neutrinos

What are the symmetries (forces) of the early
universe beyond those of the SM?
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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History
Baryogenesis When? CPV? SUSY? Neutrinos?
WIMPy D.M. Related to baryogenesis?
New gravity? Lorentz violation? Grav baryogen ?
?
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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History
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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History
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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History
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There must have been additional symmetries in the
earlier Universe to

• Unify all matter, space, time
• Stabilize the weak scale
• Produce all the matter that exists
• Account for neutrino properties

• Give self-consistent quantum gravity

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What are the new fundamental symmetries?
Two frontiers in the search
Collider experiments (pp, ee-, etc) at higher
energies (E gtgt MZ)
Indirect searches at lower energies (E lt MZ) but
high precision
Particle, nuclear atomic physics
High energy physics
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Precision Probes of New Symmetries
New Symmetries

• Origin of Matter
• Unification gravity
• Weak scale stability
• Neutrinos

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Comparing loop effects in different processes can
probe particle spectrum
J. Ellison, UCI
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Precision, low energy measurements can probe for
new symmetries in the desert
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II. Brief Interlude Supersymmetry
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SUSY a candidate symmetry of the early Universe

• Unify all forces
• Protect GF from shrinking
• Produce all the matter that exists

3 of 4 Yes Maybe so
Maybe Probably necessary

• Account for neutrino properties
• Give self-consistent quantum gravity

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SUSY a candidate symmetry of the early Universe
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SUSY and R Parity
Consequences
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SUSY must be a broken symmetry
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III. Symmetries the Origin of Matter

• Baryogenesis General Considerations
• Theoretical challenges and developments
• Phenomenology in the LHC era and beyond

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What is the origin of baryonic matter ?
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Ingredients for Baryogenesis
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Ingredients for Baryogenesis
Sakharov Criteria

• B violation
• C CP violation
• Nonequilibrium dynamics

Sakharov, 1967
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EW Baryogenesis Standard Model
Anomalous Processes
Different vacua D(BL) DNCS
Sphaleron Transitions
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EW Baryogenesis Standard Model
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Baryogenesis New Electroweak Physics
90s Cohen, Kaplan, Nelson
Joyce, Prokopec, Turok
Unbroken phase
CP Violation
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EDM Probes of New CP Violation
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Present n-EDM limit

Proposed n-EDM limit


Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry in the Universe
?
M. Pendlebury B. Filippone
Riotto Carena et al. Lee, Cirigliano, R-M,
Tulin
n-EDM has killed more theories than any other
single experiment
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Baryogenesis New Electroweak Physics
90s Cohen, Kaplan, Nelson
Joyce, Prokopec, Turok
Unbroken phase
CP Violation
Theoretical Issues Strength of phase
transition (Higgs sector) Bubble dynamics
(expansion rate) Transport at phase boundary
(non-eq QFT) EDMs many-body physics QCD
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Electroweak Phase Transition Higgs
LEP EWWG
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Electroweak Phase Transition Higgs
LEP EWWG
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Electroweak Phase Transition Higgs
LEP EWWG
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Baryogenesis New Electroweak Physics
90s Cohen, Kaplan, Nelson
Joyce, Prokopec, Turok
Unbroken phase
CP Violation
Theoretical Issues Strength of phase
transition (Higgs sector) Bubble dynamics
(expansion rate) Transport at phase boundary
(non-eq QFT) EDMs many-body physics QCD
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Quantum Transport Baryogenesis
Non-equilibrium quantum transport
RHIC
Violent departure from equilibrium
Electroweak Baryogenesis
Gentle departure from equilibrium scale
hierarchy
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Bubble Wall Dynamics
V (f2) lt V (f1)
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Quantum Transport Baryogenesis
Electroweak Baryogenesis
Particle Propagation Beyond familiar (Peskin) QFT
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Quantum Transport Baryogenesis
Electroweak Baryogenesis
Scale Hierarchy
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SUSY CPV Quantum Transport
Chargino Mass Matrix
Neutralino Mass Matrix
Resonant CPV M1,2 m
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Baryogenesis New Electroweak Physics
90s Cohen, Kaplan, Nelson
Joyce, Prokopec, Turok
Unbroken phase
CP Violation
Theoretical Issues Strength of phase
transition (Higgs sector) Bubble dynamics
(expansion rate) Transport at phase boundary
(non-eq QFT) EDMs many-body physics QCD
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EDMs in SUSY
One-loop
EDM q, l, n
Chromo-EDM q, n
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EDMs Baryogenesis
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EDMs in SUSY
One-loop
EDM q, l, n
Chromo-EDM q, n
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EDMs Baryogenesis
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SUSY Baryogenesis Colliders
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SUSY CPV Dark Matter
Chargino Mass Matrix
Neutralino Mass Matrix
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SUSY Baryogenesis Dark Matter
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Dark Matter Relic Abundance
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SUSY Dark Matter Solar Neutrinos
Gravitational capture in sun followed by
annihilation into high energy neutrinos
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SUSY Dark Matter Future Experiments
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Conclusions

• The fundamental symmetries of the Standard Model
  provide a successful basis for explaining the
  microphysics of the present universe, but
  additional symmetries are needed to address
  important questions about earlier times

Origin of matter, unification, size of the Fermi
constant, neutrino mass, gravity,

• New symmetries at the weak scale may be able to
  account for the origin of matter

A combination of precise low-energy experiments
(EDM searches), collider studies, dark matter
searches and theoretical advances will help us
find out

• This field provides a rich interplay of
  particle, nuclear, atomic physics with
  cosmology in both theory expt

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Conclusions
Were making progress
and open to new ideas.