Team W1 1' Bobby Colyer W11 2' Jeffrey Kuo W12 3' Myron Kwai W13 4' Shirlene Lim W14

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Team W11. Bobby Colyer (W11)2. Jeffrey Kuo
(W12)3. Myron Kwai (W13)4. Shirlene Lim (W14)
Presentation 1 Rijndael Encryption
Team Manager Rebecca Miller

• Stage I
• 21st January 2004
• DESIGN PROPOSAL

Overall Project Objective Implement the new AES
Rijndael algorithm on chip
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Status

• Project Chosen
• Alternatives Studied and Eliminated
• Specifications Defined
• Verilog Obtained
• Gate-Level Verilog
• Cut down 128-bit design into a manageable size
  (32? 64?)
• Test Benches
• Schematic Design
• Layout
• Simulations

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Design Decisions

• 128-bit encryption too large for the scope of
  this course
• Plan to step down to 32-bit
• Number of rounds (normally 10) most likely need
  to be lessened
• Doing encryption only
• Leaving decryption out due to size restrictions
• Encryption Decryption for 128-bit is 40,000
  gates!
• Need to include the key schedule
• Takes up 85 of the area

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Alternative Projects

• 2D DCT
• Was considered by Zacks group and was found to
  be done
• Had the powerpoint almost done before we found
  out
• Other Encryption Algorithms
• Triple DES outdated and sucks, can be cracked
  fairly easily now
• Serpent have code, better than RC6, but
  Rijndael was chosen for a reason right?
• Histogram Equalizer
• Had MATLAB code but involved floating point
  statistics (FP Division!)
• FPU Floating Point Unit
• Does Floating Point Add/Sub/Mult/Div
• Too insane Rebecca said so
• Edge Detection
• Too simple, already done as sub-component of
  previous projects
• Simple MIPS Processor
• Too simple, need to add more instructions,
  marketing?
• Way too many more my computer is full of them!

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Why is this the AES?!

• Fastest Encryption / Decryption in general
• No key setup time (hardcoded)
• Serpent, MARS, RC6 all require setup time
• Better than DES, Triple DES (Outdated)
• Triple DES could be cracked in linear time easily
  with machines from 90s
• 25x faster on the same general-purpose hardware
• Easily extendable and scaleable (versatile)
• Block length, key length, and number of rounds
• Key and block length can be any multiple of 32
  (128-bit, 192, 256)
• Fast, simple, compact algorithm
• Rijndael is the best mixture of simplicity,
  speed, and protection

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This is why AES is needed

• The EFF's 200,000 machine breaks DES in a few
  days. An aviation website gives the cost of a B1
  bomber as 200,000,000. Spending that much, an
  intelligence agency could expect to break DES in
  an average time of six and a half minutes.

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Applications

• Suited for Smart cards
• Currently adapted to modern processors
• Pentium and RISC processors
• Theoretically unbreakable using modern
  technology
• Hacking algorithms take 287 2100 operations
• Todays machines arent powerful enough to
  compute check
• To protect digital information
• Data, voice, video, and images from attack,
  impersonation, or eavesdropping
• SSL Security for Internet Browsers

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Block Diagram
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Transistor Count(Assuming 32-bit Implementation)

• 256 Registers 3500
• XORs 1200
• Inverters/Buffers 500
• SBOX
• Registers 12000
• Key Schedule
• XORs 100
• Shifters (Hardcoded Just routing wires) 0
• Muxes 8000
• Total 25300

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Problems Questions

• Cutting code down from 128-bit to 32-bit
• Found different implementations of Rijndael
• Some had divider/multiplier, some just XORs
• Too many transistors Pushing the limit
• Design too big may leave out portions of design
• Parallel design More transistors, but faster
• Need balance
• Group M2 from 2000 should not have done the DCT

18-525 Integrated Circuit Design Project