Grammar

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Grammar

• an overview

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8 parts of speech

• noun
• pronoun
• verb
• adjective
• adverb
• preposition
• conjunction
• interjection

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8 parts of speech

• noun
• pronoun
• verb
• adjective
• adverb
• preposition
• conjunction
• interjection

Nouns Gerunds Infinitives Noun Clauses
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8 parts of speech

• noun
• pronoun
• verb
• adjective
• adverb
• preposition
• conjunction
• interjection

• Tenses
• Active Vs Passive
• Modals auxiliary verbs

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8 parts of speech

• noun
• pronoun
• verb
• adjective
• adverb
• preposition
• conjunction
• interjection

Adjectives are words that describe or modify
another person or thing in the sentence. (The
Articles a, an, and the are adjectives.
His, their, our , etc. are Possessive
Adjectives.)

• the tall professor
• a solid commitment
• a month's pay
• a six-year-old child
• the unhappiest, richest man

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8 parts of speech

• noun
• pronoun
• verb
• adjective
• adverb
• preposition
• conjunction
• interjection

Adjective Clause a group of words containing a
subject and verb acts as an adjective My sister,
who is much older than I am, is an engineer.
If an adjective clause is stripped of its subject
and verb, the resulting modifier becomes an
Adjective Phrase He is the man who is keeping my
family in the poorhouse.
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8 parts of speech

• noun
• pronoun
• verb
• adjective
• adverb
• preposition
• conjunction
• interjection

• Adverbs phrases
• Adverb clauses (Time, Conditionals, etc.)

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Clause Vs Phrase

• a meaningful group of words
• with subject
• with verb
• stands alone as a sentence
• e.g. They sang. We listened.

• a meaningful group of words
• no subject
• no verb
• part of a sentence
• e.g. every Saturday, make fun of, for Gods sake
  

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Simple Sentence 1 clause (1 noun/pronoun )
1 verb ( )

• CRY! or RUN!
• The man cries.
• He cries every morning.
• The old man cries every morning.
• The old man living next door cries every morning.
• The miserable old man living next door cries
  loudly every morning.
• The miserable old man living next door cries
  loudly every morning to get his wifes attention.

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Compound Sentence clauses

• made up of two or more independent/ coordinate
  clauses (but no subordinate clauses.)
• usually joined by conjunctions and/or some kind
  of punctuation.
• I will go home and he will go to work.
• John likes hamburgers, but Mary prefers hot dogs.
  
• We might go to Seattle, or we might go to
  California.

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Simple Vs Compound

• Simple
• Canada is a rich country.
• Simple
• Still, it has many poor people.
• Compound
• Canada is a rich country, but still it has many
  poor people.

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Complex Sentence clauses

• A complex sentence contains one independent
  clause and at least one dependent/subordinate
  clause
• The committee will meet when the Chief Executive
  is in Macau.

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Compare

• Simple
• My friend invited me to a party. I do not want to
  go.
• Compound
• My friend invited me to a party, but I do not
  want to go.
• Complex
• Although my friend invited me to a party, I do
  not want to go.

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Compound-Complex Sentence

• joins two complex sentences, or
• joins one simple sentence and one complex
  sentence
• The package arrived in the morning, but the
  courier left before I could check the contents.

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More about Nouns

• Gerunds Infinitives - their NOUN roles
  
• http//webster.commnet.edu/grammar/gerunds.htm
• Playing basketball takes up too much of her time.
  
• To play basketball for UConn is her favorite
  fantasy.
• Appositives A word, phrase or clause that means
  the same thing as (ie, synonym) or further
  explains another noun (pronoun).
• e.g. My favorite place, the English building,
  is located on the Quad, a grassy square in the
  middle of the campus.
• 
  http//owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/gra
  mmar/g_appos.html
• Her desire to play basketball for UConn
  became an obsession.
• Her one burning desire in life, playing
  basketball for UConn, seemed a goal within reach.
  

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Noun Clauses

• Noun clauses dependent/subordinate clauses that
  act as nouns FOG Unit 22, 23
• What I really hate is people who borrow money
  and don't pay it back. (Noun clause acting as a
  subject)
• I don't know who he is. (Noun clause acting as
  a direct object).
• Noun Clauses usually begin with Subordinators
  how, however, if, that, what, whatever, where,
  which, whichever, whose, whether (or
  not)........etc