Les projets de faisceaux radioacifs

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Les projets de faisceaux radioacifs

• Yorick Blumenfeld

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Les projets de faisceaux radioactifs

• Quelques motivations
• Les Projets
• Fragmentation du Projectile FAIR
• ISOL
• SPIRAL 2
• EURISOL

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The Nuclear Chart and Challenges
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ab initio calculations for light nuclei

• Systematic study of light nuclei (Alt12) shows the
  necessity of including a 3-body force

R.B. Wiringa and S.C. Pieper, Phys. Rev. Lett.
89 (2002) 182501
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Modification of magic numbers far from stability
E (MeV)
Lowest 2 state
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(No Transcript)
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46Ar(d,p) 10 MeV/A SPIRAL
L. Gaudefroy, thèse
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Effect of shell closures on element abundances
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Neutron-proton pairing

• n-p pairing can occur in 2 different states T0
  and T1. The former is unique to n-p. It can be
  best studied in NZ nuclei through spectroscopy
  and 2-nucleon transfer reactions.

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Collective Modes
Atomic nuclei display a variety of collective
modes in which an assembly of neutrons moves
coherently e.g Low-lying vibrations and
rotations. ChallengeWill new types of
collective mode be observed in neutron-rich
nuclei in particular?
Will the nucleus become a three- fluid
system-made up of a proton and neutron core
plus a skin of neutrons? We will then get
collective modes in which the skin moves
relative to the core.
From W. Gelletly
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Two-proton radioactivity near the proton drip-line
Proton energy and angle correlations ? di-proton
emission?
J. Giovinazzo et al., PRL89 (2002) 102501
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Super heavy elements discovery and spectroscopy
294118
GSI Z?112 RIKEN Z113 DUBNA Z to 118?

• Synthesis of new elements/isotopes (Z ? 120)
• Spectroscopy of Transfermium elements (Z ?
  108)
• Shell structure of superheavy nuclei

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Studying the liquid-gas phase transition far from
stability
Muller Serot PRC 1995
Neutron rich nuclei
isospin distillation
pressure
Bonche Vautherin NPA 1984
asymmetry rp/rn
Proton rich nuclei vanishing limiting
temperatures
From Ph. Chomaz and F. Gulminelli
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Radioactive beam production Two complementary
methods
GANIL/SISSI, GSI, RIKEN, NSCL/MSU
High energy, large variety of species, Poor
optical qualities, lack of energy flexibility
GANIL/SPIRAL, REX/ISOLDE, ISAAC/TRIUMF
good beam qualities, flexibility, intensity Low
energy, chemistry is difficult
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The GANIL Facility Today
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NuPECC recommends the construction of 2 next
generation RIB infrastructures in Europe, i.e.
one ISOL and one in-flight facility. The
in-flight machine would arise from a major
upgrade of the current GSI facility, while
EURISOL would constitute the new ISOL facility
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Le projet FAIR (GSI)
Accord gouvernemental de principe Construction
en étapes 2008 2012 (?)
Nouvelles Installations Double
Synchrotron 238U à 1 - 25 GeV/u (1012
pps) Noyaux exotiques produits par
fragmentation et fission Super FRS (intensité
x103 ) Multiples anneaux de stockage et
collisionneurs pour des ions lourds,
anti-protons et électrons
SIS100/300
UNILAC
SIS
FRS
ESR
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The NUSTAR facility
Low-Energy Branch
Super-FRS
Ring Branch
High-Energy Branch
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The EXL detector Transfer reactions in a
storage ring
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The EURISOL Road Map

• Vigorous scientific exploitation of current ISOL
  facilities EXCYT, Louvain, REX/ISOLDE, SPIRAL
• Construction of intermediate generation
  facilities MAFF, REX upgrade, SPES, SPIRAL2
• Design and prototyping of the most specific and
  challenging parts of EURISOL in the framework of
  EURISOL_DS.

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LAvant Projet Détaillé SPIRAL2
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Accelerated Beam Intensities (pps) Examples
Relatively easy beams Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Kr,
Rb, Ag, Cd, In, Sb, I, Xe, Cs
www.ganil.fr/research/developmens/spiral2
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Regions of the Chart of Nuclei Accesible with
SPIRAL 2 beams
Primary beams ? deuterons ? heavy ions
6. SHE
4. NZ IsolIn-flight
5. Transfermiums In-flight
2. Fusion reaction with n-rich beams
1. Fission products (with converter)
3. Fission products (without converter)
8. Deep Inelastic Reactions with RNB
7. High Intensity Light RIB
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Le Concept EURISOL
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Le  Design Study  EURISOL_DS

• Durée 2005-2008
• 21 instituts de 11 pays européens
• 12 tâches couvrant cibles accélérateurs
  physique, faisceaux et sécurité et b-beams
• Participation française à 11 des 12 tâches
• Coût total 33M participation UE 9.1 M
• Participation UE aux laboratoires français
• GANIL 1M
• IN2P3 1.6M
• CEA 0.5 M

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MMW Hg Target Configuration

• BLD Shape of Hg target optimised for neutron
  production (neutron balance)
• 15 mm sigma proton beam, fully contained in the
  Hg target
• Possibility of further reduction in Hg target
  dimensions ? Intermediate solution (IS)

• Hg-J designed for high-energy neutron fluxes in
  the UnatC3 (3 g/cm3) fission target
• 4 mm sigma proton beam, mostly contained in the
  4 cm diameter Hg Jet
• Use of reflector to improve neutron economy and
  to shield HE particles

From Yacine Kadi - CERN
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Some beam intensities
Calculations for EURISOL Helge Ravn
6He 5X1013 pps 18Ne 5X1012 pps
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Yields after acceleration Comparison between
facilities
a)
Kr isotopes
a)
Yield for in-flight production of fission
fragments at relativistic energy
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Combination of beta beam with low energy super
beam
Unique to CERN- based scenario combines CP and
T violation tests ?e ? ?m (?) (T)
?m ? ?e (p) (CP) ?e ? ?m (?-) (T)
?m ? ?e (p-)
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CERN-SPL-based Neutrino SUPERBEAM
300 MeV n m Neutrinos small contamination from
ne (no K at 2 GeV!)
Fréjus underground lab.
A large underground water Cerenkov (400 kton)
UNO/HyperK or/and a large L.Arg detector. also
proton decay search, supernovae events solar and
atmospheric neutrinos. Performance similar to
J-PARC II There is a window of opportunity for
digging the cavern starting in 2008 (safety
tunnel in Frejus or TGV test gallery)
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CERN b-beam baseline scenario
SPL
Decay ring Brho 1500 Tm B 5 T Lss 2500 m
SPS
Decay Ring
ISOL target Ion source
ECR
Cyclotrons, linac or FFAG
Rapid cycling synchrotron
PS
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Time scales
Project definition Construction Exploitation