Science Knowledge: Science 2: Life Processes and living things K2.2 Health and the Human body

1
Science Knowledge Science 2 Life Processes and
living things K2.2 Health and the Human body

• This document can be freely copied and amended if
  used for educational purposes. It must not be
  used for commercial gain. The author(s) and web
  source must be acknowledged whether used as it
  stands or whether adapted in any way.
• Download K2.2_4.0b 'Children's ideas about
  health'. Authored by Keith Ross, University of
  Gloucestershire. accessed from http//www.ase.org.
  uk/sci-tutors/
• date created March 2006

2
Health and the body

• Keith Ross

3
Learning Outcomes

• To understand and appreciate some concepts
  related to being and keeping healthy
• To understand how materials and energy enter and
  leave our bodies
• To understand how all the parts of our body work
  together (systems and functions)
• To appreciate what actions we should take to keep
  healthy

4
Multiple choice questions

• The questions in the slides that follow are taken
  from a set of over 100 available from
• www.escalate.ac.uk/1141
• Percentages quoted in the slides are for a group
  of 100 trainee primary teachers on entry to ITE,
  having obtained a C or better at GCSE, usually
  two or three years previously.
• This gives secondary trainees an insight into the
  misconceptions that survive a GCSE course, and
  all trainees some comfort that they are not alone
  with their own misconceptions about how genetics
  and evolution works.

5
Carbohydrate

• Every day we eat carbohydrate (in food) and
  digest it. It enters our blood and is sent round
  our bodies to use as a fuel for energy.  
• Click on any of the following which explains how
  the actual stuff of the carbohydrate (made of
  atoms) leaves our body, thus ensuring that we
  don't normally get heavier each day!
• It comes out as faeces
  62
• We breathe a lot of it out as carbon dioxide  
  15
• It is used up and comes out as energy  
  82
• After use it is stored in our bodies. 
  25 

6
Digestion, Breathing Respiration

• Click on any of the following statements if they
  are largely true.
• Respiration is gaseous exchange in lungs  
  70
• Respiration occurs in the cells of our bodies  
  45
• Breathing is a simpler term for respiration  
  56
• Breathing helps get oxygen to the lungs 
  76
• Digestion helps get nutrients into the blood  
  78
• Digestion is where food turns to energy 
  40
• ( are for a survey of post GCSE students see
  notes)

7
Muscles

• Which one of the following explains how your arm
  moves at the elbow?
• A muscle pulls my arm up and
• my arm just falls down   1
• a different muscle pulls it down  67
• and the same one pushes it down   14
• a different muscle pushes it down  17
• ( are for a survey of post GCSE students see
  notes)

8
Tooth Decay

• Click on any 3 of the following that form a part
  of the scientific EXPLANATION of tooth decay
• Bacteria feed on the exposed inside of the tooth 
  
  39
• Plaque rots the tooth 
  61
• Acids from bacteria break down enamel   82
• Sugar rots the tooth  
  43 
• Bacteria in plaque feeds on sugar  
  62 
• ( are for a survey of post GCSE students see
  notes)

9
Waste products

• Click on any of the following that shows the way
  your body removes the waste products produced by
  CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN YOUR CELLS.
• It is excreted  
  37
• Faeces are removed via the anus   47
• Some material is lost in sweat  62
• The lungs remove carbon dioxide from the blood  
  58
• Blood is filtered by the kidney and waste is
  removed as urine  85
• ( are for a survey of post GCSE students see
  notes)

10
Being Healthy MRS GREN

• How does our body work
• Without Reproduction we wouldnt be here
• Material intake and export Nutrition, Growth
  (cell division and differentiation), Excretion
• Energy transfer Respiration, Movement, Senses
• Transport within the body

11
Fate of material

• What materials does our body take in?
• How (and from where) do they leave the body
  (remember that atoms, like Lego blocks, cannot be
  destroyed)?
• Remember that 90 of the food we absorb into the
  blood is for fuel and 10 is for growth

12
Energy for the body

• What energy sources does our body use? (remember
  that food on its own does not contain energy it
  is a fuel which needs to be joined with oxygen in
  order for energy to be transferred)
• How does that energy leave the body? (remember
  that joules in joules out, even though they
  come in useful and go out less useful. Think
  about movement friction, storing energy by
  lifting, and waste heat energy)

13
Workshop activities

• Audit of materials entering and leaving the body
•   What are the main substances that we need to
  take into the body to keep healthy?
•   What happens to them inside the body?
•   How and in what form do they leave the body?
• Organ systems
•   What are the seven functions of living things?
  
•   What are the organ systems associated with
  each function?

14
Workshop choice
1. Walking across the road and escaping the
approaching car

• Movement and skeleton. Sensitivity and
  coordination
•  2. Providing energy for the brain muscles to
  enable you to cross the road and escape the
  approaching car
• Respiration Breathing circulation. Nutrition
  Excretion
•  3. You are walking across the road to meet the
  other parent of your future child
• Growth and reproduction

15
Summary Keeping healthy (body)

• Balanced diet carbohydrates, fats, proteins,
  vitamins, minerals, fibre, liquid
• Restrict fat, sugar, salt, ensure enough fibre
• Humans programmed to excess of the above and
  to overeat (to combat lean times of the year)
• Five a day fruit and vegetables vitamins
  minerals and antioxidants
• Effect of additives (not all E-numbers are
  harmful!) http//curezone.com/foods/enumbers.asp

16
Summary Keeping healthy (soul?)

• Balanced exercise and activity patterns
• Positive relationships family, friends, work
• Self esteem
• Relationship with environment learning in,
  through and for
• IQ (cognitive intelligence thinking ability)
• EQ (emotional - interpersonal skills)
• SQ (spiritual - wisdom)
• Poverty, wealth and malnutrition