Introduction to Wireless Networking Module01 Wireless Standards, Organizations and Applications

1
Introduction to Wireless NetworkingModule-01Wir
eless Standards, Organizations and Applications

• Jerry Bernardini
• Community College of Rhode Island

2
Presentation Reference Material

• CWNA Certified Wireless Network Administration
  Official Study Guide, Fourth Edition, Tom
  Carpenter, Joel Barrett Chapter-1
• CWNA Exam Requirements
• IP-Addressing Notes

3
Abbreviated Wireless Network History ??dates

• 1830 Professor Joseph Henry transmitted the
  first practical electrical signal.
• 1880 Maxwells Equations
• 1905 Marconi
• 1920 Radio Receivers
• 1935 Television
• 1941 Radar
• 1958 Satellite
• 1970 ALOHAnet
• 1990 Internet
• 1998 WLAN

4
Why Study Wireless Networks? A Partial List

• Cordless phones
• Wireless Voice over IP phones
• Wireless print servers
• Wireless access points, routers, and bridges
• Radio Frequency Identification devices
• Wireless presentation gateways
• Wireless conferencing systems
• Laptop computers, PDAs, and other mobile wireless
  client
• device

5
Wireless Industry Guided by Three Categories
of Organizations

• Regulation- Boundaries of Operation
• Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
• European Telecommunications Standards Institute
  (ETSI)
• Power limits and Frequencies
• Standardization- How systems work together
• Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  (IEEE)
• 802.11 a, b, g, n
• Compatibility Tests for interoperability
• Wi-Fi Alliance
• If you buy Wi-Fi certified gear it work with
  other Wi-Fi gear

6
FCC - Federal Communications Commission

• Regulatory Bodies City, State, Country
• FCC- Born in 1934 to regulate radio, television,
  cable, satellite and wire communications
• FCC regulates
• Radio frequencies
• Output power levels
• Indoor and Outdoor usage
• Every country has regulatory bodies

7
FCC Wireless Bands

• 1985Industry, Scientific and Medical Industrial
  License-Free Bands ISM Bands
• 900 MHz band, (900 to 928 MHz range)
• 2.4 GHz band, (2.4 to 2.483 GHz range)
• 5 GHz band, (5.725 to 5.850 GHz range)
• 1997 Unlicensed National Information
  Infrastructure U-NII bands
• 5.15 to 5.25 GHz
• 5.25 to 5.35 GHz
• 5.725 to 5.825 GHz

8
FCC Unlicensed Bands
9
FCC Regulates Frequencies

• Frequencies are grouped into bands
• Wireless LAN bands include (Hz Hertz)

10
FCC Power Output Limits-U-NI Bands
mw 1/1000 watt
11
Non-USA Standard Organizations

• OfCom-Office of Communication United Kingdom
• MIC- Ministry of Internal Affairs and
  Communications-Japan
• ARIB-Association of Radio and Businesses Japan
• ACMA-Australian Communications and Media
  Authority

12
International Telecommunications Union
Radiocommunications Sector (ITU-R)

• 1947 United Nations creates ITU-R to
• Promote cooperation and technical development
• ITU-R maintains a database of frequencies with
  five administrative regions
• Region A The Americas
• Region B Western Europe
• Region C Eastern Europe
• Region D Africa
• Region E Asia and Australia

13
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
- IEEE (Eye-triple-E)

• Worlds leading non-profit professional
  organization for the advancement of technology
• Mission
• promote the engineering process of creating,
  developing, integrating, sharing, and applying
  knowledge about electronics and information
  technologies and sciences for the benefit of
  humanity and the profession.
• 350,000 individual members in 150 countries.
• Nearly 900 active standards with 700 under
  development.

14
IEEE Wireless Standards

• IEEE 802 project is the most important with
  multiple working groups
• IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet)
• IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN (WLAN)
• IEEE 802.16 WiMAX
• IEEE 802.16 Mobile Broadband
• Most of this course will deal with IEEE 802.11

15
IEEE 802.11 Standards

• 1997 First 802.11 ratified
• Three ways of implementing a physical
  communications layer (PHY)
• Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS)
• Direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS)
• Infrared communications (not implemented
  extensively)
• All operate at 1Mbps and 2Mbps
• To be covered in depth is subsequence lessons

16
IEEE 802.11 Amendments (details text pp.13-14)

• IEEE 802.11a OFDM, 5 GHz U-NII, 54 Mbps
• IEEE 802.11b DSSS, 2.4 Mhz ISM band, 11 Mbps
• IEEE 802.11c Bridging operation
• IEEE 802.11d regularity specifications
• IEEE 802.11e Quality of Service (QoS)
• IEEE 802.11F- access point re-association
• IEEE 802.11g DSSS/OFDM, 2.4 Mhz, 54 Mbps
• IEEE 802.11h Dynamic frequency, power control
• IEEE 802.11i important security enhancements

17
IEEE 802.11 Amendments (details text pp.14-15)

• IEEE 802.11j 4.9-5 Mhz band in Japan
• IEEE 802.11k channel management above 5 Mhz
• IEEE 802.11n Important 100 Mbps plus WLAN
• IEEE 802.11p Intelligent Transportation Systems
• IEEE 802.11r Roaming amendment
• IEEE 802.11s Extended Mesh network interoperate
• IEEE 802.11T measurement and test conditions
• IEEE 802.11u handoffs between WiMax and WLAN
• IEEE 802.11v device management
• IEEE 802.11w improved management frames

18
More IEEE Standards

• IEEE 802.1X port-based authentication for
  security
• IEEE 802.3-2005 Clause 33 defines power over
  Ethernet (PoE)
• IEEE 802.1D bridging priority
• IEEE 802.1Q priority tagging and VLAN FOR QoS

19
IETF International Engineering Task Force

• Primarily a volunteer organization
• The most important standards organization for the
  Internet operation
• Operates on the basis of the Request-For-Comment
  (RFC)
• IETF issues an RFC in a technical issue
• After a period of time all responses to the RFC
  are gather and voted on
• WLAN RFC 3748, RFC 2865 are important for
  wireless
• RFC 3748 - WLAN security
• RFC 2865 -security and the use of RADIUS server

20
Wi-Fi Alliance

• Certification organization for testing and
  interoperability
• Ensures that devices are compatible with IEE
  standards
• Before October 2002 know as the Wireless Ethernet
  Compatibility Alliance (WECA)
• Most commercial products will have a Wi-Fi logo

21
Spread Spectrum Technology Uses

• Spread spectrum is a technique of transmitting
  radio signals over multiple frequencies
• The common method of transmitting WLAN signals
• Spread Spectrum will be explained in depth in
  chapter-3
• Spread spectrum is used by
• Wireless LANs (WLANs)
• Wireless PANs (WPANs)
• Wireless MANs (WMANs)

22
Wireless LANs (WLANs)

• The major application of IEEE 802.11
• WLANs provide mobility and unwired fixed
  connectivity
• Three primarily roles of WLANs
• Access role
• Distribution role
• Core role

23
Wireless PANs (WPAN)

• Wireless Personal Area Networks
• 10 meter radius connectivity
• Primarily Bluetooth Applications
• headsets
• mouse
• PDA
• Uses 2.4 GHz ISM band which can interfere with
  802.11 WLAN

10/30/2009
Wireless Networking J. Bernardini
23
24
Wireless MANs (WMAN)

• Wireless Metropolitan Area Network
• Uses both Point-to-Point and Point-to-Multipoint
• WiMAX and IEEE802.16
• Leased networks covering multiple miles
• Provide QoS mechanisms

10/30/2009
Wireless Networking J. Bernardini
24
25
Wireless WANs (WWANs)

• Expansion of WAN technology
• DSL
• ISDN
• Cable
• WWANs connect LANs to backbone
• Uses both Point-to-Point and Point-to-Multipoint
• WWANs provide multi-channel communications

10/30/2009
Wireless Networking J. Bernardini
25
26
Last-Mile Delivery

• Last mile is the connection between the ISP and
  the end user
• Example home and telephone central office
• Example Office and Cable provider hub
• Last mile comes from the old telephone network
  design
• max of 18000 ft to central office
• Last mile can be expensive
• Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP)
• WISP use WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)

10/30/2009
Wireless Networking J. Bernardini
26
27
Major Wireless Applications

• SOHO Small Office / Home Office
• Less than 25 computers
• Router connections
• Mobile Office Network
• Similar the SOHO but mobile
• Mobile IP usage
• Educational/Classroom Use
• Hotspots
• Warehousing and Manufacturing
• Health Care

10/30/2009
Wireless Networking J. Bernardini
27
28
Wireless Hotspots

• Hotspots often use Wi-Fi
• Free and wide open
• Free and secure
• Subscription based
• Pay-as-you-go
• Mixed

10/30/2009
Wireless Networking J. Bernardini
28