Survey of Plants, Fungi, and Algae

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Survey of Plants, Fungi, and Algae

• Medically important organisms traditionally
  called plants

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Five Kingdom System
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Kingdom Monera Cyanobacteria (Blue Green Algae)
Nostoc
Oscillatoria
Spirulina
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Kingdom Protista

• Six divisions of algae
• Division Pyrrophyta - dinoflagellates
• Division Chrysophyta - diatoms
• Division Euglenophyta - euglenoids
• Division Chlorophyta - green algae
• Division Rhodophyta - red algae
• Division Phaeophyta - brown algae
• Two divisions of fungi

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Dinoflagellates
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Diatoms Golden Brown Algae
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Rhodophyta Red Algae
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Div. Phaeophyta KELP - common name for several
brown seaweeds
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Algal Bloom
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Kingdom Planta

• 10 divisions of plants
• Organize into 4 groups
• mosses and liverworts (Division Bryophyta)
• ferns and fern-allies (four divisions)
• gymnosperms (four divisions)
• angiosperms (Division Magnoliophyta)

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Bryophyta mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
Moss
Liverwort
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Lower Vascular Plants Ferns and fern-allies

• Reproduce by spores formed in a sporangium
• Long fossil history
• Divisions
• whisk ferns Psilophyta
• club mosses Lycophyta
• horsetails Sphenophyta
• ferns Pterophyta

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Division Lycophyta Club Moss
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Division Sphenophyta Horsetails (Equisetum)
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Division Pterophyta Ferns - About 10,000 species
exist from tropics to arctic. Braken fern known
to be toxic
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Gymnosperms

• Division Cycadophyta - Cycads
• Division Ginkgophyta - Ginkgo
• Division Gnetophyta - Ephedra and allies
• Division Coniferophyta - Conifers

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Cycads
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Cycad Female Cones
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Leaves of a Ginkgo tree
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Division Gnetophyta Ephedra is one of three
genera in the division
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Division ConiferophytaYew (Taxus spp)
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Division ConiferophytaCupressaceae - Cedar Family
Pollen release from a male Juniperus tree
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Division Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms
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Important Angiosperm Families with Health Effects

• Solanaceae - nightshade family
• Papaveraceae - poppy family
• Brassicaceae - mustard family
• Euphorbiaceae - euphorb family
• Rubiaceae - coffee tree family
• Fabaceae - legume family
• Liliaceae - lily family

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Fungal-like organisms in Kingdom Protista

• Slime molds - Division Myxomycota
• Slimy (animal-like) feeding stage
• Reproduce by spores
• Water molds - Division Oomycota
• Many in fresh water others on land
• Important plant pathogens in this group

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Kingdom Fungi

• Division Chytridiomycota (chytrids) very
  primitive fungi cause of amphibian extinctions
• Divison Zygomycota (zygomycetes) - simple
  mycelial fungi sugar fungi
• Division Ascomycota (ascomycetes) - yeasts,
  mycelial fungi, morels, cup fungi, truffles
• Division Basidiomycota (basidiomycetes) -
  mushrooms, bracket fungi, puffballs
• Asexual Fungi (imperfect fungi) - artificial
  group of mycelial fungi with no sexual stage -
  molds

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Fungi include molds and mushrooms
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Fungi and Human Health