Chelsea Wetjen

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How to Write an Excellent Essay

• Chelsea Wetjen

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Important Elements

• Introduction
• Gives the reader an idea of what the essay will
  be about and will let the grader know if you are
  on the right track
• Start strong, End Strong
• Body
• Showcases the main points of your argument and
  gives the grader a sense that you do know what
  you are discussing
• Conclusion
• Wraps the main points and brings your whole
  argument to a logical end
• Start strong, End Strong

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Introduction

• A strong introduction is the start to a strong
  answer
• Again, Start Strong!!
• A good introduction will give allow you to lay
  out your main points
• If you can, state how many points you will
  discuss
• Example There are 3 main developments in the..
• Example Four main events in human history led to
  the.
• If you are having trouble writing an
  introduction, take the main points of the
  question and simply use them to make a statement
• Example Diestrus and pseudopregnancy are common
  in dogs
• Example Birds have a unique and interesting
  anatomy, and this.

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Bad Introductions

• Essay Question Discuss the 3 elements in early
  human culture discussed in class and how these
  developments are thought to be related to major
  aspects of the domestication and development of
  domestic dogs and cats
• The first major development is early humans.
• I believe.
• Dogs are classified by the AKC into 7 different
  groups.

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Good Introductions

• Essay Question Discuss the 3 elements in early
  human culture discussed in class and how these
  developments are thought to be related to major
  aspects of the domestication and development of
  domestic dogs and cats
• There are 3 major developments in human culture
  that have led to the domestication and
  development of cats and dogs.
• The leading of nomadic lives, the beginning of
  agricultural lives, and the growing of towns and
  their fences
• There are many developments that have led to the
  domestication of dogs and cats, but the 3 most
  influential elements are.

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Body

• Go in logical order- if asking for a timeline,
  either start from latest and go to earliest or go
  from earliest to latest
• If question asks for multiple elements, discuss
  elements in the same order the question presents
  them
• Have good transitions within the paragraphs,
  sentences, words
• Give guideposts- First, Second, After, Therefore,
  Another, etc.
• Paragraphs help organize thoughts, points
• These sentences are supporting sentences and
  including examples, reasoning, facts, data,
  definitions, and descriptions add credibility to
  your essay

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Bad Logical Order

• Essay Question Discuss the 3 elements in early
  human culture discussed in class and how these
  developments are thought to be related to major
  aspects of the domestication and development of
  domestic dogs and cats
• 10000 ybp humans began farming
• 15000 ybp humans lived nomadic lifestyles
• Finally, 8000 ybp towns began to be formed.

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Good Logical Order

• Essay Question Discuss the 3 elements in early
  human culture discussed in class and how these
  developments are thought to be related to major
  aspects of the domestication and development of
  domestic dogs and cats
• The first domestication is early humans living
  nomadic life (15000 ybp)
• Around 10000 ybp the humans began giving their.
• The last event which led to domestication(8000
  ybp) OR
• The latest event which led to domestication
• Before settling in towns, humans began settling
  into agricultural communities
• The earliest form of domestication occurred 15000
  ybp when

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Bad Use of Multiple Elements

• Essay Question With respect to the domestic dog,
  discuss all the potentially adverse consequences
  or risks that were covered in class which a
  breeder may encounter as a consequence of
  breeding, pregnancy, psuedopregnancy, and
  lactation.
• Problems with psuedopregnancy are
• Many problems can occur during lactation
• Breeding time can cause unwanted stress if
  unwanted problems
• Lactation.OOOPS!!!

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Good Use of Multiple Elements

• Essay Question With respect to the domestic dog,
  discuss all the potentially adverse consequences
  or risks that were covered in class which a
  breeder may encounter as a consequence of
  breeding, pregnancy, psuedopregnancy, and
  lactation.
• Breeding problems
• After the bitch had been bred, problems during
  pregnancy can
• If the bitch is not bred, but her body believes
  she is pregnancy, a condition known as
  psuedopregnancy
• Whelping of the pups can cause additional
  problems while the bitch is lactating

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Bad Use of Transitions and Guideposts

• Essay Question Discuss both the advantages and
  disadvantages of either spaying or neutering a
  bitch or dog.
• There are some advantages and disadvantages
• If you spay an aggressive bitch
• A bitch with poor vulvar conformation
• You will not have unwanted pregnancies
• The bitch wont attack male dogs
• Decreased risk of some forms of cancer

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Good Use of Transitions and Guideposts

• Essay Question Discuss both the advantages and
  disadvantages of either spaying or neutering a
  bitch or dog.
• There are 2 major disadvantages to spaying, but
  there are more advantages
• The first disadvantage is spaying an aggressive
  bitch will..
• The second major disadvantage is that a bitch
  with poor vulvar
• Despite the 2 disadvantages, there are more
  advantages
• The first is not having
• The second advantage is more
• Another advantage is
• The last major advantage is not having your
  bitch

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Bad Use of Paragraphs

• Essay Question Discuss methods to prevent feline
  isoerythrolysis, and the principles which
  underpin these methods.
• Feline isoerythrolysis is a fatal..writing
  writingOne method of prevention is
  knowingwriting writingIf a breeder discovers
  thatwriting writingWhile feline.
• This answer has no breakdown of paragraphs, which
  makes the answer really hard to follow

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Good Use of Paragraphs

• Essay Question Discuss methods to prevent feline
  isoerythrolysis, and the principles which
  underpin these methods.
• Feline isoerythrolysis is a fatalwriting writing
  writing writing
• One method of prevention writing writing
  writing writing
• Writing writing writing..
• If a breeder discoverswriting writing writing
  writing writing writing writing
• While feline neonatalwriting writing writing
  writing writing writing.

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Conclusion

• AgainStart strong, END STRONG!!
• Signal end- In conclusionThese many different
• Summarize your main points
• Give guideposts
• In conclusion, In summary, In closing, Finally,
  Overall, As a whole, etc.
• Show the reader/grader that you know what you are
  talking about
• Be confident- if you sound confident, you will
  make your essay sound 100 more believable

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Bad Conclusion

• Essay Question Discuss cross-reactive
  immunoglobulins (antibodies), as they relate to
  one of the core infectious agents against which
  dogs are immunized.
• I dont really know if my answer is correct, but
• Antibodies relate to dogs
• Cav-1 and Cav-2 are shots given to dogs.
• The end.

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Good Conclusions

• Essay Question Discuss cross-reactive
  immunoglobulins (antibodies), as they relate to
  one of the core infectious agents against which
  dogs are immunized.
• In conclusion- EASIEST WAY TO SIGNAL NEAR END
• Cross-reactive immunity is a fascinating science
  that should continue to be explored.
• Diseases such as ICH and ITB can easily be
  avoided through such methods as cross-reactive
  immunity.

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Easy Way to Get Points

• Write Legibly
• Even though you are writing quickly, you can
  still write neatly
• 0.5 points off if grader has to struggle with
  more than 3 words
• Limited to space
• If more than 1 letter out of box, 0.5 points off
• If have part of letter out, no points off
• Full and Correct sentences
• No run-on sentences- The dog runs the cat
• Grammatically correct!!!
• Directed to answering question
• Stay on topic- If asking about Spitz, dont
  discuss Hounds

Out of the lines
y-ok
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Easy Way to Get Points

• Legible- 0.5
• Limited to space- 0.5
• Full and correct sentences- 1.0
• Directed to answering question- 1.0
• Following directions 3 points!!!!

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Common Mistakes

• Illegible writing
• Writing outside the box
• Not directing answer to the question
• No introduction or conclusion
• Unnecessary detailsend up complicating answer
• Saying I dont know
• Saying I believe- only exception if essay asks
  for opinion

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How Would You Grade

• Discuss both advantages and disadvantages of
  either spaying or neutering a bitch or dog.
• The advantages to spaying a bitch are to control
  overpopulation, be rid of unwanted male
  attention, prevent pyometra and prevent mammary
  cancer. A disadvantage of spaying a bitch would
  be if she has poor vulvar conformation. The vulva
  is tucked into perineal folds and the bitch may
  experience moist dermatitis. If she is allowed to
  go through at least one heat cycle, the vuvla can
  swell and possibly eliminate any vuvlar or
  urinary problems.

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How Would You Grade

• Discuss both advantages and disadvantages of
  either spaying or neutering a bitch or dog.
• There are many advantages and disadvantages to
  spaying a bitch. However, the advantages far
  outweigh the disadvantages.
• There are 2 major disadvantages. The first
  disadvantage is that if you spay an aggressive
  bitch before her first heat cycle she will remain
  aggressive. The second is that allowing a bitch
  with poor vulvar conformation to remain intact or
  go through a heat cycle will possibly improve
  that conformation. There are more advantages.
• The first is not having an unplanned pregnancies.
  A second advantage is more safety. The bitch will
  be less likely to roam and run away and wont
  attract male dogs.
• Another advantage is a decreased risk of some
  form of cancer, such as ovarian, and a lessened
  risk of pyometra. The last advantage is not
  having your bitch show signs of estrous and
  attracting unwanted male attention.
• While there are some disadvantages to spaying
  your bitch, there are many more advantages. While
  your bitch may be at a higher risk for obesity,
  she will have a lower risk of many more
  uncontrollable problems, such as cancer and
  pyometra.

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How Would You Grade

• Discuss the developments in early human culture
  discussed in class and how these developments are
  thought to be related to major aspects of the
  domestication and development of domestic dogs.
• Dogs were first domesticated around 15000 ybp.
  Today, there are 7 major groups in the American
  Kennel Club. These groups are sporting, hound,
  working, terrir, toy, non-sporting, herding, and
  miscellaneous. All dog breeds are not recognized
  by the AKC most are recognized by the FCI. Dogs
  are a favorite pet of many people and 62 of
  people have pets there are more cats than dogs
  though. Domesticaton was along process but dogs
  are the most popular pet today.

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How Would You Grade

• Discuss the developments in early human culture
  discussed in class and how these developments are
  thought to be related to major aspects of the
  domestication and development of domestic dogs
  and dogs.
• Dogs were first domesticated when humans were
  still hunter/gatherers. They served the purpose
  of finding game and helping in the hunt. When man
  began to settle into more agricultural-based
  societies, the dogs role changed to that of a
  guard to keep wolves and other creatures out of
  the human settlements. It was during the time of
  agriculture-based society that the cat was
  domesticated. The cats primary purpose was to be
  a mouser to limit the amount of stored grain
  lost. Many times, kittens and puppies were
  brought into the human encampments to be pets for
  children, which is how much domestication began.
  Animals were selected for traits that benefited
  humans All of these led to the domestic dog and
  cats that we know today.

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How Would You Grade

• Discuss the developments in early human culture
  discussed in class and how these developments are
  thought to be related to major aspects of the
  domestication and development of domestic dogs
  and dogs.
• There are 3 major developments in human culture
  that have led to the domestication development of
  dogs and cats.
• The first development is early humans living a
  nomadic life. During this hunting/gathering
  lifestyle people needed an animal to protect them
  and help them hunt. As a result of this need for
  food and protection, dogs were domesticated from
  the wolf around 15000 ybp.
• Around 10000 ybp humans began giving up their
  nomadic lifestyles and began farming. This led to
  the domestication of the cat. People began to
  harvest and store grain, which led to an increase
  of mice. People began to use cats to control
  their mice problem. People also began to worship
  cats, such as the cat god Bastet. Cats also
  became trade items, which led to the domestic cat
  today. The domestic cat is thought to have
  derived from the European wildccat, which
  probably arrived in Europe via trade.
• The last event which led to development and
  domestication of the cat and dog is the rise of
  towns. To protect their livestock, families, and
  crops, early humans began building fences to keep
  wolves out. It is around this time, 8000 ypb that
  wolf genetics stopped intermixing with domestic
  dog genetics.
• In conclusion, the leading of nomadic lives 15000
  ybp, the beginning of agricultural lives 10000
  ybp, and the growing towns and their fences 8000
  ybp of early human culture has led to the
  domestication and development of todays dogs and
  cats.

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Write Your Own

• Discuss some of the important elements that are
  useful in writing an excellent essay. Limit your
  answer to half a sheet of paper.