What is the Lymphatic System

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What is the Lymphatic System?
The lymphatic system is composed of _____
________________ ________________ The lymphatic
system carries a colorless liquid called ________.
lymph vessels, lymph nodes,
and organs.
lymph
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What Exactly is Lymph?

• Capillaries flow past cells but do not actually
  connect to them. What happens is that the clear,
  watery blood plasma - containing the oxygen,
  proteins, glucose and white blood cells - "leaks"
  out through the capillary walls and flows between
  all the cells.

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What Exactly is Lymph (cont)?

• The pores in the capillaries are too small to let
  red blood cells through, however - that is why
  lymph is clear rather than red. All of the cells
  in your body are therefore bathed in lymph, and
  they receive their nutrients and oxygen from the
  lymph.

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Functions of the Lymphatic System

• Filters lymph       
• Fights infections
• Draining fluid into the bloodstream

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Filtering lymph

• This is the job of the _______. It filters the
  lymph to take out all the old worn out red blood
  cells. These are destroyed and replaced by new
  red blood cells that have been made in the bone
  marrow.

spleen
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Fighting infection

• Helping to make special white blood cells
  (lymphocytes) that produce antibodies       
• Having other blood cells called macrophages
  inside the lymph nodes which swallow up and kill
  any foreign particlesfor example, germs.

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Draining Fluid into the Bloodstream

• As the blood circulates, fluid leaks out into the
  body tissues. This fluid is important because it
  carries food to the cells and waste products back
  to the bloodstream.

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Draining Fluid into the Bloodstream (cont)

• The leaked fluid drains into the lymph vessels.
  It is carried through the lymph vessels to the
  base of the neck where it is emptied back into
  the bloodstream. This circulation of fluid
  through the body is going on all the time. 

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Lymphatic Organs

• Lymph Nodes
• Thymus
• Spleen
• Tonsils

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Lymph Nodes

• Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped glands
  throughout the body.

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Lymph Nodes

• The lymph nodes filter lymph fluid as it flows
  through them, trapping bacteria, viruses, and
  other foreign substances, which are then
  destroyed by special white blood cells called
  lymphocytes.

Lymphocyte
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Lymph Nodes

• Lymph nodes may be found singly or in groups, and
  they may be as small as the head of a pin or as
  large as an olive. Groups of lymph nodes can be
  felt in the neck, groin, and underarms. Lymph
  nodes generally are not tender or painful. Most
  lymph nodes in the body cannot be felt.

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Lymph Node
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• The ________ is a small organ in the chest that
  is important in developing a special lymphocyte
  (white blood cell) called a T cell.

thymus
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The human _______ is an organ that
spleen

• creates lymphocytes for the destruction and
  recycling of old red-blood cells.
• The spleen is also a blood reservoir. It supplies
  the body with blood in emergencies such as a bad
  cut.
• The spleen is also the location where white blood
  cells trap organisms.

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tonsils

• The _______ are the two small buds of tissue
  located at the back of the mouth and are part of
  the immune system. They make antibodies and white
  blood cells (lymphocytes) to attack germs inside
  the mouth.

This makes the tonsils part of the
first line of defense against bacteria in food or
air.
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What is Cancer?

• Cancer is a disease of the body's cells. Our
  bodies are always making new cells so we can
  grow, to replace worn-out cells, or to heal
  damaged cells after an injury. This process is
  controlled by certain genes. All cancers are
  caused by changes to these genes. Changes usually
  happen during our lifetime, although a small
  number of people inherit a changed gene from a
  parent.

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What is Cancer (cont)?

• Normally, cells grow and multiply in an orderly
  way. However, changed genes can cause them to
  behave abnormally. They may grow into a lump.
  These lumps can be _______ (not cancerous) or
  ________ (cancerous).

benign
malignant
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What is Cancer (cont)?

• Benign lumps do not spread to other parts of the
  body.

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What is Cancer (cont)?
A malignant lump (more commonly called a
malignant tumor) is made up of cancer cells. When
it first develops, this malignant tumor may be
confined to its original site. If these cells are
not treated they may spread into surrounding
tissue and to other parts of the body. When these
cells reach a new site they may continue to grow
and form another tumor at that site. This is
called a secondary cancer or metastasis.
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Metastasis
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How Many Types of Cancer are there?
Duct Cancer Gallbladder Cancer Hodgkin's
Disease Kidney Cancer Laryngeal Cancer
Leukemia Liver Cancer Lung Cancer Lymphoma

• Bladder Cancer
• Bone Cancer
• Brain Cancer
• Breast Cancer
• Cervical Cancer
• Colon Cancer
• Esophageal Cancer
• Extrahepatic Bile

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How Many Types of Cancer are there (cont)?

• Melanoma
• Multiple Myeloma
• Oral Cancer
• Other Cancer
• Ovarian Cancer
• Pancreatic Cancer
• Pharyngeal Cancer
• Prostate Cancer

Rectum Cancer Skin Cancer Stomach Cancer
Testicular Cancer Uterine Cancer Vaginal
Cancer Vulvar Cancer