Organic Compounds

1
Organic Compounds

• Organic Chemistry Study of all compounds that
  contain carbon
• 4 valence electrons make C the most versatile of
  all elements
• Valence electrons electrons in the outer energy
  level

2
Organic Compounds

• Macromolecules
• giant molecules
• Formed by polymerization
• Monomers -gt polymers
• Example Rings on a Chain/necklace or Legos

• 4 Groups of Organic Compounds found in living
  things
• Nucleic Acids
• Proteins
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids

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Organic Molecules Nucleic Acids

• Nucleic Acids Polymer
• Found in a cells nucleus
• Store transmit hereditary or genetic info
• RNA
• DNA

• Contain C, H, O, N, P
• Nucleotide (monomer)
• 5 Carbon Sugar
• Phosphate Group
• Nitrogenous base

4
Organic Molecules - Proteins

• C, H, O, N
• Amino Acids (monomers)
• 20 different kinds found in nature
• Portion that changes on each is called the
  R-Group

• Form bones and muscles
• In skin (collagen)
• Enzymes - Control the rate of reaction and
  regulate cell processes
• Transport substances into or out of cells
• Help fight disease?

5
Proteins

• 4 levels of organization
• Protein Chains
• Twisted or folded
• Chain itself is folded
• If more than one chain, twist together, held by
  Van der Waals forces

6
Organic Compounds - Carbohydrates

• Polysaccharides
• complex carbs
• Storage
• Glycogen (highly branched macromolecule) in
  muscles
• Main source of energy!! When bonds are broken,
  releases energy
• Plant starch (potatoes, rice, wheat bread)
• Structural
• Cellulose in plants cell walls (we cant digest)

• Mostly C, H, O
• Monosaccharides
• Single sugar molecules
• Glucose/Fructose
• Sweet to taste (grapes honey)

7
Carbohydrates - Glycogen
8
Organic Compounds - Lipids

• Lipid bi-layer
• Saturated
• Butter
• Animal fat
• Cheese
• Whole milk/ice cream
• Unsaturated
• Mono Olive oil
• Sesame oil
• Peanut oil
• Avocado
• Poly Corn
• Soybean
• Fish

• Mostly C H (but also contains O)
• Can be
• Saturated
• Mono/poly
• 50 of the cell membrane
• Enhance immune system
• Increases ability of Ca use in bones
• Unsaturated (double bonds)
• Mono/poly
• Reduce blood clotting
• Lowers bad cholesterol (lipid)

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Organic Compounds - Lipids

• Stores long-term energy (per gram, contains 2X as
  much as carbs)
• Insulation of body
• Not soluble in water