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Parikshit Verma

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National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) ... Unsaturated / Vadose zone. Processes that takes place in the root zone. Soil Water Partitioning ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Parikshit Verma


1
Modeling Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal
Contaminated Mine Spoil Dumps
  • Parikshit Verma

EIA and Sustainability Assessment Asian EIA and
Effective Tool Development Seol, Korea, June 5,
2007
National Environmental Engineering Research
Institute (NEERI), Nagpur
2
Barren Manganese Mine Spoil Dump
3
After 10 years - Revegetated Manganese Mine Spoil
Dump
4
Definitions / Terminology
Phytoremediation Use of plants / vegetation for
in situ treatment of wastewater, contaminated
soils or sediments. Some plants shows the
capability to withstand relatively high
concentration of chemicals without toxic effects
(Hyperaccumulators).
  • It is applied at sites with contamination of
  • Organic Chemicals BTEX, TNT, RDX, PCBs
  • Nutrient Ammonia, Phosphate, Nitrate
  • Metal pollutants Lead, Cadmium, Zinc,
    Arsenic, Chromium

5
Chemical uptake and translocation in the plant
body
6
Unsaturated / Vadose zone
7
Processes that takes place in the root zone
8
Soil Water Partitioning
9
Metal Uptake by Plant Root
Michaelis and Menton Type of Reaction
10
Plant Root Growth
11
Saturated and Unsaturated Zone
  • Soil
  • Water
  • Soil
  • Air
  • Thin film of Water around soil particle

12
Saturated and Unsaturated Zone
  • Residual Moisture
  • Saturation Moisture

13
Moisture Retention Characteristics Curve
14
Moisture flux in Unsaturated Zone
Relationship between Soil Moisture and Suction
Head is called Soil Moisture Retention
Characteristics (MRC)
15
Mathematical models used in the Metal Uptake model
  • Richards Equation
  • Water uptake by plant root
  • Metal uptake by plant root
  • Root growth with time
  • Plant root properties
  • Moisture Retention Characteristics (MRC)
  • Soil properties Bulk Density, Clay content,
    Carbon content etc.
  • Pedotransfer Function
  • Soil Water Partition of pollutants
  • Hydrodynamic Dispersion
  • Moisture flux joining groundwater
  • Chemical species flux joining groundwater

16
Pedotransfer Functions
Expensive and time consuming
  • Bulk density
  • Clay content
  • Carbon content
  • Particle size distribution

MRC Parameters ?s, ?r, n, m, a
f
17
Space Time Domain of One Dimensional Transient
Metal Uptake Model
18
Computational Scheme
  • Richards Equation descritized using Implicit
    scheme

19
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20
Techniques of Phytoremediation
Applicability
  • Other treatments are not cost effective
  • Very large sites
  • Low concentration of contaminants
  • Only polishing treatment is required
  • Where vegetation is used as final cap / site
    closure

Limitations
  • Limited regulatory acceptance
  • Long duration of time for cleanup
  • Potential contamination of fodder crop and
    food chain
  • Phyto-transformation
  • Rhizosphere Bioremediation
  • Phyto-stabilization
  • Phyto-extraction
  • Rhizo-filtration

21
Why Phytoremediation Model Software ?
  • Design of experiments to determine the parameters
    of sub-surface phenomenon.
  • Preparation of irrigation schedule for plantation
    on mine spoil dump.
  • Decision on harvesting time of plants.
  • Estimation of amount of heavy metal present in
    the plant.

22
NEERI PHYTOREM Model Software Demonstration
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