Modern Methods and Equipment for Fenestration Simulation and Testing

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Modern Methods and Equipment for Fenestration
Simulation and Testing

• By D. Charlie Curcija, Ph.D.
• Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable
  Energy
• University of Massachusetts
• Amherst, MA
• www.ceere.org
• Bipin Shah
• National Fenestration Rating Council
• 8484 Georgia Ave., suite 320,
• Silver Spring, MD 22030
• www.NFRC.org

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OVERVIEW

• Simulation methods
• Based on consensus international standards (ISO
  15099)
• Incorporated into user-friendly computer programs
• Agreed upon set of boundary conditions
• Testing Methods
• New international standards ISO 12567, part one
  (planar windows) and two (roof windows)
• Updated hot-box design
• Validation testing

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SIMULATION PROGRAMS

• WINDOW 5.2
• Calculating Center-of-Glass values (U-factor,
  SHGC, VT) and overall product indices
• THERM 5.2
• Calculating Frame and Edge-of-Glass U-factor and
  SHGC
• OPTICS 5.1
• Calculating solar-optical properties of glass and
  glazing systems (aka virtual glass laboratory)
• RESFEN 3.1
• Calculating annual energy use of fenestration in
  residential buildings

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WINDOW 5.2
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THERM 5.2

• Two-Dimensional heat transfer (conduction and
  radiation) and glazing cavity convection
  simulation (correlation based)

• First version released in 1994
• Graphic tool to draw the model
• View-factor radiation modeling
• Automatic meshing

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MESH REFINEMENT
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OPTICS 5.1

• Virtual glass laboratory

• Calculate and edit optical properties of glass
  and IGU
• Change glazing thickness
• Switch glazing coating
• Construct glazing with applied films
• Construct glazing with laminate

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RESFEN 3.1

• Calculates Residential Energy Impacts

• Annual energy cost impacts of windows
• Uses DOE2.1E calculation engine
• Uses WINDOW output
• Library of standard houses and HVAC sys.

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INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT
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Horizontal Slider details
Vent Head
Fix Head
E-glass
COG
COG
Vent Jamb
Fix Jamb
Frame
E-Glass gt Edge of Glass 2.5 from Site-line
Fix Sill
Meeting Rail
Vent Sill
Horizontal slider
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Center of glass W5.2
Frame and Edge of glass THERM 5.2
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THERMAL TESTING

• Three Main Hot Box Designs
• Calibrated hot box
• Guarded hot box
• Wall and edge guarded hot box
• Measure total energy flow through the testing
  specimen
• Try to minimize extraneous energy flows
• Calibration using CTS or calibration panels
  necessary in all three methods
• Cold side design essentially the same in all
  three hot box designs

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Standards Considered

• ISO 12567 Part I
• ISO 12567 Part II
• ISO 8990
• ASTM C 1363
• ASTM C 1199
• ASTM E 1423

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GUARDED HOT-BOX EXAMPLE
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EXTENSION OF THE HOT-BOX DESIGN
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3-D VIEW OF THE EXTENDED HOT-BOX
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3-D VIEW INTO WARM SIDE
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NEW TRENDS

• Reduced non-homogeneities
• Improved air flow control
• Improved controls and data acquisitions system
• Reduction of uncertainties and improved precision
• Reduced variability in measuring local quantities
  (i.e., temperatures)

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Bipin Shah (NFRC) bshah_at_nfrc.org
http//www.nfrc.org Charlie Curcija
(CEERE) curcija_at_ceere.org
http//www.ceere.org