Air quality over Central Europe Simulation with MC2AQ Contribution to CityDelta Project

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Air quality over Central EuropeSimulation with
MC2-AQ Contribution to CityDelta Project

• Joanna Struzewska and Lech Lobocki,
• Institute of Environmental Engineering Systems
• Warsaw University of Technology
• Jacek W. Kaminski
• York University, Toronto, Canada
• WWW.MAQNet.ca

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Outline

• Model description
• Planned model configuration
• Current model configuration
• Initial and boundary conditions
• Emission inventories
• Preliminary results
• Model validation
• Conclusions

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MULTISCALE AIR QUALITYMODELLING SYSTEM GEM-AQ /
MC2-AQ

• Joint project between
• Institute of Environmental Engineering Systems
• Warsaw University of Technology
• York University, Toronto, Canada
• Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science
• Multiscale Air Quality Modelling Network
  (www.maqnet.ca)
• (sponsored by the Canadian Foundation for
  Climate and Atmospheric Sciences www.cfcas.org)

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GEM Host Meteorological Model

• Global Environmental Multiscale model
• (Côté at al. 1998)
• Operational execution on 0.9ox0.9o global grid
• 3D-VAR continuous objective analysis (Gauthier et
  al.)
• 5 and 10 day weather forecasts global
• 48 hour regional forecast over North America
• Vertical resolution 28 hybrid levels
• Top at 10 mb research version up to 0.1 mb
• Coupled with full physics

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MC2- Host Meteorological Model

• MC2 - "Mesoscale Compressible Community model
• (Robert et al., 1985 Tanguay et al., 1990
  Benoit et al., 1997)
• Used for Mesoscale Alpine Program (MAP)
• Wind energy assessment (mining)
• Highly flexible and scaleable to be run on
  10000x10000 grid point on Earth Simulator in
  Japan this summer

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Air Quality Module

• Gas phase chemistry
• Biogenic emissions
• Anthropogenic emissions
• Aerosol chemistry and physics
• Dry and wet removal
• Wet chemistry

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GEM-AQ / MC2-AQ Current projects and applications

• Application of MC2-AQ and Weather Research and
  Forecasting (WRF) Model to air quality modelling
  in Mexico City, Mexico.
• Application of MC2-AQ to air quality modelling in
  Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada and
  comparison with observation from Pacific 2001
  field study.
• Global simulation of persistent organic
  pollutants.
• Simulation of Asian dust transport to North
  America.
• Chemical data assimilation

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MC2-AQ over Europe Current projects and
applications

• Impact of large scale meteorological conditions
  on the formation of high ozone concentration in
  the lower troposphere
• Model study of the transport and transformation
  of ozone and its precursors in the frontal zone
• Impact of the emission reduction on summer smog
  episodes in urban areas. The model study.(State
  Committee for Scientific Research project)
• CITY DELTA European Modelling Exercise. An
  Inter-comparison of long-term model responses to
  urban-scale emission-reduction scenarios
• ESCOMPTE Modelling Exercise model evaluation

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MC2-AQ over Europesample results regional scale

• Frontal passage - August 1990
• MC2-AQ self-nesting

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MC2-AQ over Europesample results regional scale
Summer smog episode June 2000 MC2-AQ
self-nesting
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MC2-AQ over Europe sample results local scale
Summer smog episode - August 2001 GEM-AQ
MC2-AQ cascade mode
GEM-AQ
MC2-AQ
0.66? Variable global 20 km
5 km
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CityDelta Project
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Planned model setup

• Cascade mode (GEM-AQ ? MC2-AQ)
• Boundary conditions from GEM-AQ
• 20 km resolution simulation over Europe
• 3 km resolution simulation over Central
  Europe
• Cascade mode (MC2-AQ - self nesting)
• Objective analysis from CMC
• Chemical boundary conditions from global CTM
• 60 km resolution simulation over Europe
• 15 km resolution simulation over Europe
• 3 km resolution simulation over Central Europe

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Current model setup

• Initial and boundary meteorological fields - MC2
  simulation over Europe on the 171 x 171 gridwith
  20 km resolution (CMC OA)
• Initial and boundary conditions for chemical
  species from EMEP model
• EMEP (50 km) CityDelta detailed emission
  inventories
• MC2-AQ simulation 255 x 250 grid with 3 km
  resolution
• Three CityDelta domains includedBerlin, Prague
  and Katowice

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Model domains
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Initial and boundary conditions

• Interpolated from EMEP model
• 22 x 19 grid points 45 km resolution
  (polar-stereographic projection)
• Averaged seasonal model height (up to 20 km)
• Processing
• Vertical interpolation (linear)
• Conversion to MC2-AQ chemical speciation

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Initial and boundary condition
1.04.1999, 00 GMT, lowest model layer
O3
NO2
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Initial and boundary condition
O3
High ozone concentration above BL
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Initial and boundary condition
24 A3 C 12005 0 0 40199000 EMEP_DAT
Mean0.221414E-10 Var0.566244E-10 Min( 17,
18)0.2000E-12 Max( 16, 6)0.9840E-09 25 A3
C 12016 0 0 40199000 EMEP_DAT
Mean0.221414E-10 Var0.566244E-10 Min( 17,
18)0.2000E-12 Max( 16, 6)0.9840E-09 26 A3
C 12036 0 0 40199000 EMEP_DAT
Mean0.223739E-11 Var0.509639E-11 Min( 12,
19)0.0000E00 Max( 16, 6)0.6945E-10 27 A3
C 12059 0 0 40199000 EMEP_DAT
Mean0.113464E-11 Var0.213035E-11 Min( 12,
19)0.0000E00 Max( 16, 6)0.2626E-10 28 A3
C 12089 0 0 40199000 EMEP_DAT
Mean0.207104E-11 Var0.373927E-11 Min( 12,
19)0.0000E00 Max( 16, 6)0.4083E-10 29 A3
C 12126 0 0 40199000 EMEP_DAT
Mean0.210238E-11 Var0.380119E-11 Min( 11,
17)0.0000E00 Max( 16, 6)0.4101E-10 30 A3
C 12172 0 0 40199000 EMEP_DAT
Mean0.118701E-11 Var0.212740E-11 Min( 11,
18)0.0000E00 Max( 16, 6)0.2302E-10 31 A3
C 12230 0 0 40199000 EMEP_DAT
Mean0.469477E-12 Var0.858482E-12 Min( 11,
18)0.0000E00 Max( 16, 6)0.9187E-11 32 A3
C 12301 0 0 40199000 EMEP_DAT
Mean0.000000E00 Var0.000000E00 Min( 1,
1)0.0000E00 Max( 1, 1)0.0000E00 33 A3
C 12390 0 0 40199000 EMEP_DAT
Mean0.000000E00 Var0.000000E00 Min( 1,
1)0.0000E00 Max( 1, 1)0.0000E00 34 A3
C 12501 0 0 40199000 EMEP_DAT
Mean0.000000E00 Var0.000000E00 Min( 1,
1)0.0000E00 Max( 1, 1)0.0000E00 35 A3
C 12639 0 0 40199000 EMEP_DAT
Mean0.000000E00 Var0.000000E00 Min( 1,
1)0.0000E00 Max( 1, 1)0.0000E00 36 A3
C 12811 0 0 40199000 EMEP_DAT
Mean0.768094E-15 Var0.842988E-15 Min( 12,
14)0.4957E-17 Max( 3, 1)0.4762E-14 37 A3
C 13026 0 0 40199000 EMEP_DAT
Mean0.923145E-14 Var0.927673E-14 Min( 13,
14)0.8073E-16 Max( 1, 6)0.5219E-13 38 A3
C 13293 0 0 40199000 EMEP_DAT
Mean0.144458E-13 Var0.142572E-13 Min( 14,
18)0.1471E-15 Max( 1, 12)0.7310E-13 39 A3
C 13626 0 0 40199000 EMEP_DAT
Mean0.180247E-13 Var0.180217E-13 Min( 11,
18)0.2838E-15 Max( 1, 14)0.8674E-13 40 A3
C 14040 0 0 40199000 EMEP_DAT
Mean0.305543E-13 Var0.305417E-13 Min( 22,
1)0.2575E-14 Max( 1, 1)0.1324E-12 41 A3
C 14557 0 0 40199000 EMEP_DAT
Mean0.379350E-13 Var0.123955E-13 Min( 20,
4)0.1725E-13 Max( 10, 2)0.7342E-13 42 A3
C 15200 0 0 40199000 EMEP_DAT
Mean0.116980E-09 Var0.126250E-10 Min( 8,
19)0.7328E-10 Max( 8, 6)0.1260E-09 43 A3
C 15801 0 0 40199000 EMEP_DAT
Mean0.117561E-09 Var0.128106E-10 Min( 8,
19)0.7570E-10 Max( 8, 6)0.1260E-09
Raw EMEP data
105 53 10.3000 47.6800 1999 1 4 1
00 0.507E02 0.000E00 0.105E-01 0.235E00
0.229E-02 0.100E-06 0.274E-01 0.510E-01 0.140E01
0.708E00 0.400E-04 0.300E-06 0.200E-04 0.000E00
0.253E-01 0.601E03 0.902E02 0.780E-02 0.000E00
0.000E00 0.000E00 0.376E-01 0.000E00 0.400E-04
0.000E00 0.124E00 0.317E00 0.940E-03 0.160E-03
0.380E-04 0.554E02 0.000E00 0.107E-01 0.249E00
0.320E-02 0.000E00 0.315E-01 0.532E-01 0.142E01
0.682E00 0.240E-03 0.100E-05 0.100E-03 0.000E00
0.278E-01 0.601E03 0.950E02 0.106E-01 0.000E00
0.400E-04 0.200E-04 0.439E-01 0.000E00 0.210E-03
0.600E-03 0.120E00 0.381E00 0.540E-02 0.970E-03
0.140E-03 0.527E02 0.000E00 0.180E-01 0.286E00
0.380E-02 0.000E00 0.771E-01 0.579E-01 0.161E01
0.558E00 0.190E-03 0.100E-05 0.800E-04 0.000E00
0.470E-01 0.601E03 0.975E02 0.960E-02 0.000E00
0.300E-04 0.200E-04 0.574E-01 0.000E00 0.180E-03
0.500E-03 0.141E00 0.499E00 0.520E-02 0.800E-03
0.100E-03
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Initial and boundary condition
NO
NO 0 !!! over the entire domain
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Emission inventories

• EMEP emission inventory 50 x 50 km
• Detailed city inventories
• Berlin 2 x 2 km, variable in vertical
• Prague 5 x 5 km, no vertical variation,
• Katowice 5 x 5 km, variable in verticalonly
  small part of the CityDelta domain

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Emission inventories - problems

• Different treatment of emission sources
• Different maximum values in urban area
• Different resolution
• Overestimated EMEP emissions
• Final emission field not consistent

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Emission field (NO - ground level)
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Preliminary results

• 1 - 15 of April 1999
• O3 (ppb) - bottom layer (20 m)
• NO and NO2 (ppb) - bottom layer (20 m)
• Meteorological parameters (temperature, pressure,
  wind speed and direction)
• Hourly values

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Surface ozone, 1 15 April 1999
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Surface NOx, 1 15 April 1999
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Surface ozone time series
Berlin
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Surface ozone time series
Katowice
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Surface ozone time series
Prague
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O3 (ppb) - BerlinComparison with measurements
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O3 (ppb) - BerlinComparison with measurements
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O3 (ppb) - KatowiceComparison with measurements
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O3 (ppb) - PragueComparison with measurements
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NO (ppb)Comparison with measurements
Katowice
Prague
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Issues

• Large domain ? impact of synoptic scale
  meteorology and long range transport of
  precursors
• Urban heat island parameterisation
• 2 - 5 km ? resolved scale
• different dynamical and chemical processes
• Consistent emission inventories
• Model performance during episodes - how much
  episodes influence AOT40 values ?

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Conclusions

• Planned improvements for MC2-AQ
• Test run performed with IC/BC from GEM-AQ(EMEP
  values too low)
• Additional cascade run (10 km resolution)- IC/BC
  improvement for 3 km resolution run
• UHI parameterisation in MC2-AQ (Martilli, 2001)
• evaluation of vertical mixing and deposition
  parameterisation(ESCOMPTE Modelling Exercise)