EORI Simulation Component

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EORI Simulation Component

• Building Predictive Reservoir Models Together
  We Can Do Better
• Shaochang Wo

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What Simulation Can Help

• Integrated Reservoir Model
• Geological Model (Static Data)
• Production History (Dynamic Data)
• Fluid Rock Properties (Laboratory Data)
• History Matching
• Validating the geological model
• Predicting the present fluid distributions
• Forecasting Future EOR Performance
• Evaluating Alternative EOR Methods
• Optimizing Injection Schemes

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(Modified from Gordon Adamson et al, Oilfield
Review, 1996)
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(No Transcript)
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Salt Creek Field Wall Creek-2 Wells
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Example Well Production Data
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Example (cont.)
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Decline Curve or Simulation
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Bypassed Oil in Waterflooding

• Oil in Regions/Zones Bypassed by Injected Water
  Stream
• Reservoir Heterogeneity
• Injector/Producer Configuration (Well Spacing
  Well Perforation)
• Pore-Scale Bypassed Oil
• Pore Structure Trapping
• Unfavorable Rock Wettability
• Low Oil/Water Mobility Ratio
• High Oil/Water Interfacial Tension

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Berea Sandstone
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Oil Gravity vs. EOR Methods
Oil Gravity oAPI
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
N2 Flue Gas
Hydrocarbon
CO2 - Miscible
Immiscible Gas
Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer
Polymer Flooding
Gel Treatments
In situ Combustion
Steam Flooding
Mining
(Modified from J.J. Taber, F.D. Martin R.S.
Seright, 1997)
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Mechanisms of CO2 Flooding

• Swelling crude oils (CO2 is very soluble in
  high-gravity oils)
• Lowering oil viscosity
• Lowering the interfacial tension between the oil
  and CO2 phases in the near-miscible regions
• Generating miscibility between the oil and CO2
  phases when pressure is above minimum miscibility
  pressure (MMP).

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CO2 MMP and Fracture Pressure
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Simulation Models for EOR

• Black-Oil Model
• Pressure Depletion, Water flooding, Solution-Gas
  injection, Polymer Flooding
• Compositional Model
• Miscible/Immiscible Gas (CO2) Injection
• Thermal Model
• Steam Flooding, In-situ Combustion
• Chemical-Flooding Model
• Alkaline, Surfactant, Polymer Flooding
• Mostly Research Models

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Options of Commercial Simulators

• ECLIPSE GeoQuest, Schlumberger
• Agreement on free use of BlackOil, Compositional,
  Thermal, and FrontSim models for
  education/research purpose
• Fee charged for company-funded projects
• VIP Landmark, Halliburton
• Agreement on free use of BlackOil and
  Compositional models
• CMG Computer Modeling Group LTD.
• Low annual fee for university programs
• Affordable for small oil/gas producers